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. 2017 Dec 29;41(3):1201–1212. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3352

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Regulation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in glaucoma. TGF-β combines with the type II receptor, then phosphorylates the type I receptor, leading to the activation of this type I receptor. TGF-β2 promotes the synthesis of collagen protein and fiber connection protein, and inhibits the synthesis of hyaluronic acid. TGF-β2 promotes enzymes to inhibit the accumulation of the ECM. The TMC can secrete enzymes, promoting the accumulation of the ECM and increasing the aqueous outflow resistance. SMADA2/3 promotes the accumulation of the ECM in the HTM, leading to an increase in the aqueous outflow resistance and ocular hypertension, finally resulting in primary open-angle glaucoma. TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; ECM, extracellular matrix; TAZ, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif; TMC, trabecular meshwork cell.