Figure 1.

Treatment with a high insulin concentration significantly promotes proliferation and migration of VSMCs. (A) Effects of high insulin on VSMC proliferation (n=5). (B) Representative images of migrated VSMCs following 100 nM insulin stimulation (magnification, ×200) (upper panel). Relative cell migration was calculated following high insulin stimulation (n=3) (lower panel). All values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. ^*P<0.05 vs. the Con group. Con, control group; HI, high insulin group; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells.