Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population according to types of childhood abuse in Lima, Peru (N = 2,928)
| All participants (N = 2,928) |
No abuse (N = 828) |
Physical abuse only (N = 1,137) |
Sexual abuse only (N = 230) |
Physical and sexual abuse (N = 733) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Characteristics | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | P-value |
| Age (years)a | 28.1 ± 6.3 | 27.7 ± 6.1 | 28.1 ± 6.4 | 28.2 ± 6.5 | 28.7 ± 6.3 | 0.02 | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||||
| 18–20 | 160 | 5.5 | 39 | 4.7 | 67 | 5.9 | 15 | 6.3 | 39 | 5.3 | 0.01 |
| 20–29 | 1642 | 56.1 | 508 | 61.4 | 628 | 55.2 | 127 | 53.1 | 379 | 51.7 | |
| 30–34 | 601 | 20.5 | 154 | 18.6 | 233 | 20.5 | 39 | 16.3 | 175 | 23.9 | |
| ≥35 | 525 | 17.9 | 127 | 15.3 | 209 | 18.4 | 49 | 20.5 | 140 | 19.1 | |
| Education (years) | |||||||||||
| ≤6 | 123 | 4.2 | 36 | 4.3 | 48 | 4.2 | 5 | 2.1 | 34 | 4.6 | 0.73 |
| 7–12 | 1600 | 54.6 | 462 | 55.8 | 617 | 54.3 | 124 | 51.9 | 397 | 54.2 | |
| >12 | 1199 | 40.9 | 328 | 39.6 | 470 | 41.3 | 99 | 41.4 | 302 | 41.2 | |
| Mestizo ethnicity | 2199 | 75.1 | 633 | 76.4 | 846 | 74.4 | 179 | 74.9 | 541 | 73.8 | 0.40 |
| Married/living with a partner | 2365 | 80.8 | 685 | 82.7 | 921 | 81.0 | 177 | 74.1 | 582 | 79.4 | 0.17 |
| Employed | 1355 | 46.3 | 379 | 45.8 | 511 | 44.9 | 113 | 47.3 | 352 | 48.0 | 0.48 |
| Access to basic foods | |||||||||||
| Hard | 1453 | 49.6 | 345 | 41.7 | 556 | 48.9 | 124 | 51.9 | 428 | 58.4 | <0.0001 |
| Not very hard | 1473 | 50.3 | 483 | 58.3 | 579 | 50.9 | 106 | 44.4 | 305 | 41.6 | |
| Nulliparous | 1431 | 48.9 | 448 | 54.1 | 542 | 47.7 | 116 | 48.5 | 325 | 44.3 | 0.001 |
| Planned pregnancy | 1209 | 41.3 | 364 | 44.0 | 477 | 42.0 | 91 | 38.1 | 277 | 37.8 | 0.10 |
| Gestational age at interviewa | 9.2 ± 3.5 | 9.3 ± 3.4 | 9.2 ± 3.5 | 9.3 ± 3.3 | 9.2 ± 3.5 | 0.92 | |||||
| Early pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
| <18.5 | 57 | 1.9 | 19 | 2.3 | 23 | 2.0 | 4 | 1.7 | 11 | 1.5 | 0.65 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1403 | 47.9 | 380 | 45.9 | 558 | 49.1 | 119 | 49.8 | 346 | 47.2 | |
| 25–29.9 | 1079 | 36.9 | 321 | 38.8 | 410 | 36.1 | 77 | 32.2 | 271 | 37.0 | |
| ≥30 | 359 | 12.3 | 93 | 11.2 | 142 | 12.5 | 25 | 10.5 | 99 | 13.5 | |
| Intimate partner violenceb | 1066 | 36.4 | 199 | 24.0 | 377 | 33.2 | 98 | 41.0 | 392 | 53.5 | <0.0001 |
| Depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) | 801 | 27.4 | 128 | 15.6 | 349 | 31.0 | 49 | 21.7 | 275 | 37.9 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: PHQ-9-Patient Health Questionnaire-9; BMI-body mass index; Due to missing data, percentages may not add up to 100%.;
a
mean ± SD (standard deviation):
b
Lifetime intimate partner violence: For continuous variables, P-value was calculated using the ANOVA; for categorical variables, P-value was calculated using the Chi-square test.