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Moderate albuminuria was apparent from 9 weeks of age, and the urinary albumin level further increased at 11 weeks of age in the male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat showing minimal change disease (b; red plots represent the values of the present rat). Kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and clusterin does not show significant changes. Black plots represent the background values of untreated SD rats at our laboratory (n=39).
