Table 3.

Results of multivariate linear regression on BSID-II at 6 and 12 months of age in relation to maternal cytokine levels in early/mid and late pregnancy.

	MDI at 6 Months				PDI at 6 Months
	Early/Mid Pregnancy N=183		Late Pregnancy N=189		Early/Mid Pregnancy N=183		Late Pregnancy N=189
Maternal Log Cytokine Levels	Estimated Coefficient	P-value	Estimated Coefficient	P-value	Estimated Coefficient	P-value	Estimated Coefficient	P-value
IL-1β	1.280	0.270	2.043	0.099	1.544	0.351	2.932	0.088
IL-2	0.378	0.582	0.015	0.975	1.076	0.271	0.639	0.338
IL-4	3.385*	0.013	−1.359	0.166	4.971*	0.010	0.582	0.670
IL-6	0.435	0.544	−0.236	0.757	1.493	0.143	0.494	0.642
IL-8	−2.626	0.372	−2.833	0.244	−1.715	0.683	3.589	0.287
IL-10	0.484	0.480	0.572	0.379	2.032*	0.037	1.812*	0.044
TNF-α	1.252	0.147	−0.647	0.430	1.824	0.138	−0.435	0.702
GM-CSF	0.133	0.812	0.251	0.601	0.887	0.264	1.163	0.080
Ratios
IL- 1β:IL-10	−0.037	0.956	−0.011	0.986	−1.460	0.130	−0.947	0.279
IL-6:IL-10	0.144	0.871	−1.242	0.139	−1.115	0.378	−2.429*	0.036
TNF-α:IL-10	−0.274	0.674	−0.985	0.130	−0.797	0.391	−2.097*	0.020

	MDI at 12 months				PDI at 12 months
	Early/Mid Pregnancy N=180		Late Pregnancy N=190		Early/Mid Pregnancy N=180		Late Pregnancy N=190
Maternal Log Cytokine Levels	Estimated Coefficient	P-value	Estimated Coefficient	P-value	Estimated Coefficient	P-value	Estimated Coefficient	P-value
IL-1β	2.051	0.229	3.262*	0.049	−0.565	0.770	2.196	0.255
IL-2	0.413	0.682	−0.341	0.597	1.883	0.098	−0.677	0.367
IL-4	0.992	0.653	0.454	0.734	0.864	0.730	−0.656	0.672
IL-6	1.038	0.324	−0.334	0.746	1.775	0.136	−1.073	0.369
IL-8	0.874	0.837	2.216	0.502	−1.031	0.830	−3.846	0.315
IL-10	0.056	0.954	1.163	0.167	0.671	0.544	1.075	0.272
TNF-α	0.367	0.777	−1.955	0.082	1.345	0.359	−1.908	0.145
GM-CSF	0.438	0.542	1.343*	0.036	0.476	0.593	1.635*	0.020
Ratios
IL-1β:IL-10	0.540	0.555	−0.320	0.702	−0.754	0.468	−0.502	0.605
IL-6:IL-10	1.195	0.306	−1.951	0.050	1.219	0.357	−2.525*	0.029
TNF-α:IL-10	0.121	0.890	−1.908*	0.013	0.073	0.941	−1.811*	0.043

Results of linear regression on BSID-II scores at 6 and 12 months presented as estimated coefficients indicating the change in corresponding MDI and PDI scores with one unit increase in maternal log cytokine concentration. MDI and PDI scores at 6 months were adjusted for site, SES, absolute alcohol per day at conception, gravidity, and child sex. Results from MDI and PDI scores at 12 months were adjusted for SES, absolute alcohol per day at enrollment, MVM supplement use, and paternal age.

^*p < 0.05