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. 2018 Feb 20;8:3327. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21769-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vitro influence of lithium carbonate and valproic acid on the percentages of apoptotic T lymphocytes. Figures show percentages of apoptotic cells as annexin-V-positive cells. Apoptosis of lymphocytes was induced either by activation (through stimulation with concanavalin A) (A), camptothecin (B) or hydrogen peroxide (C) alone or in the presence of 1 or 2.5 mM lithium (Li+) in healthy people and BD patients. Meanwhile Figures (D,E and F) show the same parameters in the presence of 85 or 250 µg/ml valproic acid (VPA). Center lines of figures present medians, boxes present 25th–75th percentiles and whiskers show the minimal and maximal values observed, Mann-Whitney test, Friedman ANOVA and Post Hoc, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.