Table 3.
Risk ratio for association between metformin exposure and severe dengue manifestations based on WHO 1997 dengue criteria.
| Exposure | No of patients | No (%) of DHF/DSS | Crude RR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted RRa (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted RRb (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin use: | ||||||||
| Non users | 92 | 28 (30.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Users | 131 | 39 (29.8) | 0.98 (0.65–1.47) | 0.92 | 0.90 (0.60–1.35) | 0.61 | 0.91 (0.55–1.52) | 0.73 |
| Metformin daily doses: | ||||||||
| Non users | 92 | 28 (30.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ≤1500 mg | 82 | 23 (28.1) | 0.92 (0.58–1.47) | 0.73 | 0.82 (0.52–1.31) | 0.41 | 0.82 (0.47–1.42) | 0.48 |
| >1500 mg | 49 | 16 (32.7) | 1.07 (0.65–1.78) | 0.79 | 1.04 (0.63–1.72) | 0.88 | 1.29 (0.67–2.47) | 0.45 |
| Doses (linear) | 131 | 39 (29.8) | 1.02 (0.79–1.33) | 0.86 | 0.99 (0.76–1.31) | 0.86 | 1.12 (0.79–1.57) | 0.53 |
aAdjusted for age, gender, ethnicity.
bAdjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, Charlson’s comorbidity index and diabetes complications severity index groups, nephropathy, hyperlipidemia, serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dL, HbA1c group, concurrent medications usage including statins, ACEI, sulfonylurea and insulin, and year of presentation.