Fig. 4.

Effect of actual changes in vegetation cover from 2000 to 2015 on the surface energy balance. Each panel illustrates how this energy change in exoJoules (EJ) varies across climatic gradients of mean annual temperature and annually cumulated precipitation for the various components of the surface energy balance: a shortwave reflected radiation, b longwave emitted radiation, c latent heat, and d the combination of sensible and ground heat fluxes. Each panel also provides the corresponding total net effect. The climate axes are calculated based on CRU data v4.00 at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution