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. 2018 Feb 20;8:3330. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21539-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of mitochondrial dose on mitochondrial delivery efficiency. (A) Flow cytometric analysis of MitoTracker Green fluorescence in UC-MSCs at 24 h after transfer of various amounts of mitochondria (expressed as μg of protein). (B) qPCR analysis of human mtDNA (h-mtDNA), rat-mtDNA and rat-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in rat L6 muscle cells after transfer of mitochondria isolated from UC-MSCs. (C) Real-time PCR analysis of the mean h-mtDNA copy number of mitochondria isolated from UC-MSCs for transfer (prepared mitochondria in bar definition), rat L6 cells after mitochondrial transfer via centrifugal force (centrifugation) and rat L6 cells after 1 day of co-culture (co-culture). Relative mtDNA copy numbers normalised to the GAPDH level are shown. All values are mean ± SEM. N = 3, *P < 0.05 vs. normal UC-MSCs (0 μg). (D) Comparison of the transfer efficiency, as determined by the intensity of green fluorescence, by various cell types upon centrifugation for 5 min at 1,500 × g. The information of all cell lines were represented in Supplementary information section.