Table 2.
Characteristics of studies
| Study author (year) QA rating | Intervention domain | Country | Study design | Population | Sample size | Loss to follow-up | Length of observation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheng (2007) High |
Health focused | Hong Kong | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 46 c1 = 48 |
Not provided | 4 weeks |
| Linton (1992) Moderate |
Health focused | Sweden | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 36 c1 = 30 |
Not provided | 6 months (all subjects) 18 months (i1) |
| Norrefalk (2005) Moderate |
Health focused | Sweden | Non-randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 72 c1 = 14 |
i1 = 5 c1 = Not provided |
1 year |
| Lidstrom (1992) High |
Health focused | Sweden | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 51 c1 = 52 |
Not provided | 2 years |
| Hlobil 2005 High |
Health focused | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 67 c1 = 67 |
i1 = 0 c1 = 0 |
1 year (RTW) 3 years (costs) |
| Verbeek (2002) High |
Health focused | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 61 c1 = 59 |
Not provided | 1 year |
| Whitfill (2010) High |
Health focused | USA | Randomized trial | MSK/Pain | i1 = 58 c1 = 44 |
Not provided | 1 year |
| Haig (1990) Moderate |
Service coordination | USA | Cohort with historical comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 61 c1 = 52 |
Not provided | 1 year |
| McCluskey (2006) Moderate |
Service coordination | United Kingdom | Non-randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 81 i2 = 223 c1 = 214 |
Not provided | 1 year |
| Ryan (1995) Moderate |
Service coordination | Australia | Cohort with concurrent comparison | MSK/pain | Not provided | Not provided | 6 years |
| van Oostrom (2010) High |
Service coordination | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 73 c1 = 72 |
i1 = 0 c1 = 2 |
1 year |
| Anema (2004) Moderate |
Work modification | Denmark, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Sweden & USA | Cohort with concurrent comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 206, i2 = 299, i3 = 270 c1 = 311, c2 = 244, c3 = 291 |
Not provided | 2 years |
| Hanson (2001) Moderate |
Work modification | USA | Cohort with concurrent comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 14, i2 = 29 c1 = 14 |
Not provided | 1 year |
| Viikari-Juntura (2012) High |
Work modification | Finland | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 32 c1 = 31 |
i1 = 1 c1 = 5 |
1 year |
| Shaw (2006) Moderate |
Work modification | USA | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 11 c1 = 12 |
Not provided | 14 months |
| Bernacki (2003) Moderate |
Multi-domain | USA | Cohort with historical comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 17k to 28k per annum (1993 to 1999) c1 = 16k to 17k per annum (1989 to 1992) |
Not provided | 10 years |
| Beutel (2005) Moderate |
Multi-domain | Germany | Randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 179 c1 = 87 |
i1 = 83 c1 = 2 |
2 years |
| Davis (2004) Moderate |
Multi-domain | Canada | Cohort with historical and concurrent comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 90 c1(hist.) = 345 c2(con.) = 53 |
Not provided | 6 months |
| Jensen (1998) High |
Multi-domain | Sweden | Cohort with concurrent comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 67 c1 = 29 |
i1 = 9 c1 = 4 |
18 months |
| Lambeek (2010) High |
Multi-domain | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 66 c1 = 68 |
i1 = 3 c1 = 7 |
1 year |
| Larson (2011) Moderate |
Multi-domain | USA | Cohort with historical comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 661 c1 = 713 |
Not provided | 8 weeks |
| Nordstrom-Bjorverud (1998) Moderate |
Multi-domain | Sweden | Cohort with historical comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 34 c1 = 72 |
i1 = 0 c1 = 15 |
2–4 years (median: 2.8 years) |
| Yassi (1995) Moderate |
Multi-domain | Canada | Non-randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 60 c1 = 158 |
Not provided | 2 years |
| Jensen (2013) High |
Multi-domain | Denmark | Non-randomized trial | MSK/pain, mental health | i1 = 114 c1 = 86 |
i1 = 27 c1 = Not provided |
2 years |
| Karlson (2010) Moderate |
Multi-domain | Sweden | Non-randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 74 c1 = 74 |
i1 = 0 c1 = 0 |
18 months |
| Anema (2007) Moderate |
Health focused (i2), Work modification (i1), Multi-domain (i3) | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 96, i2 = 55, i3 = 27 c1 = 100, c2 = 57, c3 = 85 |
i1 = 10, i2 = 19, i3 = Not provided c1 = 0, c2 = 0, c3 = 0 |
1 year |
| Blonk (2006) Moderate |
Health focused (i1), Multi-domain (i2) | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 40, i2 = 40 c1 = 42 |
i1 = 10, i2 = 10 c1 = 13 |
1 year |
| Hees (2013) High |
Health focused (c1), Multi-domain (i1) | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 78 c1 = 39 |
i1 = 10 c1 = 6 |
18 months |
| Vlasveld (2013) High |
Health focused (c1), Multi-domain (i1) | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 65 c1 = 61 |
i1 = 21* c1 = 31* |
1 year |
| Arends (2013) High |
Health focused (c1), Multi-domain (i1) | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 80 c1 = 78 |
i1 = 23* c1 = 28* |
1 year |
| Kroger (2015) High |
Health focused (c1), Multi-domain | Germany | Non-randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 13 c1 = 13 |
i1 = 0 c1 = 0 |
1 year |
| Lagerveld (2012) High |
Health focused (c1), Multi-domain (i1) | The Netherlands | Non-randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 105 c1 = 103 |
i1 = 30 c1 = 23 |
1 year |
| Schene (2007) High |
Health focused (c1), Multi-domain (i1) | The Netherlands | Randomized trial | Mental health | i1 = 32 c1 = 30 |
i1 = 8 c1 = 5 |
3.5 years |
| Karjalainen (2003) High |
Health focused (i1), Multi-domain (i2) | Finland | Randomized trial | MSK/pain | i1 = 58 i2 = 55 c1 = 57 |
i1 = 0 i2 = 2 c1 = 3 |
2 years |
| Lemstra (2004) Moderate |
Health focused (i2), Multi-domain (i1) | Canada | Cohort with historical and concurrent comparison | MSK/pain | i1 = 232, i2 = 232 c1 = 185, c2 = 285 |
Not provided | 3 years |
| Loisel (1997) High |
Health focused (i1), Work modification (i2), Multi-domain (i3) | Canada | Randomized trial with cross-over | MSK/pain | i1 = 31, i2 = 22, i3 = 25 c1 = 26 |
Not provided | 6.4 years |
i intervention group, c comparison group, hist historical, con concurrent
*Loss to follow-up only affected self-report measures. RTW data was available for all participants