TABLE 1.

Microdomain localization and receptor coupling of mammalian AC isoforms

AC Isoform	Microdomain Localization	GPCR Coupling	Systems Studied	Notes
AC1	Lipid raft	β2AR	Vascular smooth muscle cells	AC1 overexpression used to demonstrate GPCR coupling
AC2	Nonraft	EP2/4R	Airway smooth muscle cells	AC2 overexpression used to demonstrate GPCR coupling
AC3	Lipid raft	β2AR, D1R glucagon	HEK-293	Glucagon receptors were exogenously expressed
AC4	Nonraft	Unknown	Unknown
AC5	Lipid raft	β1AR, β2AR, A2AR	Cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes	D5R couple to AC5 in nonrafts of renal tubule cells
AC6	Lipid raft	β1AR, β2AR, IPR, D1, A2AR, PAC1	HEK-293, cardiac myocytes, airway and GI smooth muscle cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac fibroblasts, lung fibroblasts, hepatocytes, platelets	AC6 overexpression, knockdown, and antibody inactivation have been used to determine GPCR-AC6 coupling
AC7	Nonraft	D1R-EP1R	HEK-293	Regulation of AC7 by D1R is via Gβγ and requires EP1R
AC8	Lipid raft	None	HEK-293, pancreatic cells, hippocampal neurons	Stimulated by store-operated and L-type calcium channels
AC9	Nonraft	Unknown	Unknown