Table 4. Predictors of Low-Value Imaging for Primary Care Physicians, Across Clinical Scenarios.
| Clinician Predictors, Primary Care Physicians Only | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Back Pain Visits | Headache Visits | Headache Visits With Clinicians Who Also Saw 4 or More Back Pain Visits | ||||
| Full Model Without Ownership | Added Ownership | Full Model Without Ownership | Added Ownership | Full Model Without Ownership | Added Ownership | |
| Primary care physician's prior patient received imaging | 2.08 (2.04-2.12) | 1.81 (1.77-1.85) | 2.20 (2.13-2.25) | 2.00 (1.95-2.06) | 1.91 (1.84-1.97) | 1.80 (1.74-1.86) |
| Ownership of imaging equipment | ||||||
| Nonowner | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Ownerb | NA | 2.06 (2.03-2.10) | NA | 1.88 (1.82-1.94) | NA | 1.65 (1.59-1.72) |
| High rate of low-value back imaging | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.78 (1.69-1.86) | 1.53 (1.45-1.61) |
a
Study sample 1 consisted of visits for low back pain. Study sample 2 consisted of visits for headache. Study sample 3 included physicians who saw patients with both back pain and headache.
b
Ownership was defined as physicians who bill for global bill or the technical component of imaging.