Figure 4. Meta-analysis Results of Combined Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation for the Incidence of Hip, Nonvertebral, Vertebral, and Total Fractures.

Size of data markers is proportional to the weight of each trial. Risk ratios and 95% CIs were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method, with a random-effects model used to pool data. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. Risk ratio data are rounded to 2 decimal places; error bars reflect unrounded values. Trials with zero events in both the intervention and control groups are not included in the meta-analysis.