Table 3.
Socioeconomic, educational, and dietary pattern in the study population
| Women (219) | Women (718) | χ2 (P) | Men (191) | Men (694) | χ2 (P) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income | ||||||
| Below BPL (yellow card)* | 212 (96.8) | 572 (79.7) | 34.83 (<0.0001) | 183 (95.8) | 546 (78.7) | 27.88 (<0.0001) |
| Above BPL | 7 (3.2) | 132 (18.4) | 8 (4.2) | 132 (19.0) | ||
| Middle income | 14 (1.9) | 16 (2.3) | ||||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Manual labor | 219 (100.0) | 246 (34.3) | 258.55 (<0.0001) | 191 (100.0) | 258 (37.2) | 234.01 (<0.0001) |
| Farmer | 470 (65.5) | 432 (62.2) | ||||
| Salaried | 2 (0.3) | 4 (0.6) | ||||
| Education | ||||||
| Illiterate | 169 (77.2) | 508 (70.8) | 2.33 (0.13) | 110 (57.6) | 355 (51.2) | 2.24 (0.13) |
| Literate | 50 (22.8) | 210 (29.2) | 81 (42.4) | 339 (48.8) | ||
| Primary | 38 (17.3) | 92 (43.8) | 42 (22.0) | 137 (40.4) | ||
| Secondary | 12 (5.5) | 67 (31.9) | 16.95 (<0.0001) | 35 (18.3) | 96 (28.3) | 5.28 (0.008) |
| Junior college | - | 51 (24.3) | 4 (2.1) | 106 (31.3) | ||
| Tobacco habits (smoking/chewing) | ||||||
| No | 93 (42.5) | 434 (60.4) | 67 (35.1) | 320 (46.1) | ||
| Yes | 126 (57.5) | 284 (39.6) | 124 (64.9) | 374 (53.9) | ||
| Chewing | 126 | 218 | 28.32 (<0.0001) | 25 (both) | 364 | 6.97 (0.008) |
| Smoking | 6 (both) | 66 | 124 | 10 | ||
| Areca nut/gutka | ||||||
| No | 166 (75.8) | 693 (96.5) | 91.7 (<0.0001) | 141 (73.8) | 568 (81.8) | 11.94 (0.007) |
| Yes | 53 (24.2) | 25 (3.5) | 59 (26.2) | 126 (18.2) | ||
| Alcohol | ||||||
| No | 179 (81.9) | 652 (90.8) | 12.88 (0.003) | 112 (58.5) | 522 (75.2) | 19.45 (<0.0001) |
| Yes | 40 (18.1) | 66 (9.2) | 79 (41.5) | 172 (24.8) | ||
| Green leafy vegetables/week | ||||||
| No | 45 (20.5) | 05 (0.7) | 16 (8.4) | 6 (0.9) | ||
| Yes | 174 (79.5) | 713 (99.3) | 175 (91.6) | 688 (99.1) | ||
| Once a week | 46 (21.0) | 74 (10.4) | 127.02 (<0.0001) | 36 (18.8) | 50 (7.3) | 31.83 (<0.0001) |
| Twice a week | 76 (34.7) | 367 (51.5) | 72 (37.7) | 376 (54.7) | ||
| Thrice a week | 36 (16.4) | 163 (22.9) | 51 (26.7) | 174 (25.3) | ||
| Four times a week | 16 (7.4) | 109 (15.3) | 16 (8.4) | 88 (12.8) | ||
| Citrus fruit | ||||||
| No | 78 (35.6) | 228 (31.8) | 99 (51.8) | 198 (28.5) | 35.44 (<0.0001) | |
| Yes | 141 (64.4) | 490 (68.2) | 0.97 (0.32) | 92 (48.2) | 496 (71.5) | |
| Protein intake (vegetarian: pulses/milk) | ||||||
| No | 58 (26.5) | 26 (3.6) | 4.01 (0.05) | 84 (44) | 37 (5.3) | 186.28 (<0.0001) |
| Yes | 161 (73.5) | 692 (96.4) | 107 (56) | 657 (94.7) | ||
| Protein intake (nonvegetarian: egg, meat**) | ||||||
| No | 51 (23.3) | 122 (17.0) | 4.01 (<0.05) | 18 (9.4) | 65 (9.4) | 0.0006 (0.98) |
| Yes** | 168 (76.7) | 596 (83.0) | 173 (90.6) | 629 (90.6) |
*BPL: Below poverty line, **Nonveg was taken once or twice a week only