Fig. 27.2.

Consequences of abnormal Ca²⁺ signaling. This illustration depicts the current understanding of the consequences of abnormal Ca²⁺ signaling. Altered Ca²⁺ signaling leads to issues such as oxidative stress, ROS production, Ca²⁺ overload, unfolded protein response and ER stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction and inhibition of autophagy. This leads to loss of neuronal function and induction of neuronal diseases.