Construct driving KO |
emx1-driven cre |
CAMK2a-driven cre |
CAMK2a-driven cre |
Nestin-driven CreER |
CAAGG-driven CreER |
CAMK2a-driven CreER |
CAAGG-driven CreER |
Selective for Hdh |
Cortical pyramidal neurons |
Forebrain neurons |
Forebrain neurons |
Neurons |
Global |
Forebrain neurons |
Global |
Deletion onset |
E10.5 |
PND5 |
E15 |
2, 4, or 8 months |
2, 4, or 8 months |
2 month |
3, 6, or 9 months |
Behavioral phenotype |
Motor hyperactivity |
Clasping by PND60, hypoactivity by 10–12 months of age |
Clasping by PND21, hypoactivity by 10–12 months of age |
No motor abnormalities up to 6 months post |
No motor abnormalities up to 10 months post |
No motor deficit up to 6 months post |
Progressive rotarod impairment by 1 month post, clasping and tremors by 6 months post |
Overall neuropathology |
Smaller cortex and striatum by 3 months of age |
Smaller brain |
Smaller brain, temporal lobe degeneration by 4–6 months of age |
None up to 3 months post |
None up to 3 months post |
Defective hippocampal neurogenesis |
Progressive brain atrophy and thalamic calcification |
Cortex neuropathology |
Early and nonprogressive reduction in neuron abundance |
Gliosis |
Neuronal apoptosis at 10 months of age, gliosis |
Not examined in detail |
Not examined in detail |
Not examined in detail |
No overt neuronal loss at 14 months post |
Striatum neuropathology |
Early and nonprogressive reduction in neuron abundance |
Gliosis |
Neuronal apoptosis at 10 months of age, gliosis |
Not examined in detail |
Not examined in detail |
Not examined in detail |
Gliosis but no overt neuronal loss at 12 months post |