Table 3. Association of ethnicity with satisfaction with cosmetic appearance using cumulative logit models, adjusted for tumor stage and type of surgery in (i) 380 breast cancer patients, (ii) subgroup of 199 patients who had mastectomy only, and (iii) subgroup of 139 patients who were diagnosed with in situ, stage I/II breast cancer and had breast conserving surgery.

Satisfaction with cosmetic appearance is on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is satisfied and 5 is very dissatisfied.

	(i) Alla, n = 380				(ii) TM, n = 199		(ii) BCSb, n = 139
	Univariable		Multivariable		Multivariable		Multivariable
Determinants	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Ethnicity
Chinese	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
Malay	0.5 (0.3–0.7)	0.001	0.4 (0.3–0.7)	<0.001	0.4 (0.2–0.8)	0.012	0.6 (0.3–1.6)	0.322
Indian	0.5 (0.2–1.2)	0.121	0.4 (0.2–1.0)	0.050d	0.7 (0.2–2.2)	0.526	0.5 (0.1–1.9)	0.292
Tumor stage
In situ	2.1 (1.3–3.5)	0.004	2.2 (1.3–3.7)	0.003	4.0 (1.8–9.1)	<0.001	1.6 (0.8–3.3)	0.214
I/II	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
III/IV	2.0 (1.1–3.5)	0.020	2.2 (1.2–3.9)	0.008	2.9 (1.4–6.1)	0.004	–	–
Type of surgeryc
Breast conserving surgery	Ref	–	Ref	–	–	–	–	–
Mastectomy	1.6 (1.1–2.3)	0.024	1.7 (1.1–2.5)	0.009	–	–	–	–
Mastectomy with reconstruction	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	0.584	0.8 (0.4–1.6)	0.459	–	–	–	–

^a 4 patients with unknown stage were excluded.

^b Patients who were diagnosed with in situ, stage I/II breast cancer.

^c Based on last treatment received.

^d p-value = 0.0503.

BCS: Breast conserving surgery, TM: Mastectomy only, OR: Odds ratio, CI: Confidence interval, Ref: Reference level.