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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 11.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2017 Oct 18;3(12):3469–3479. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00378

Figure 2.

Figure 2

In situ AFM observations of peptoid influenced mineralization on pure collagen substrates assembled on mica in Tris buffer saline containing various concentrations of peptoid CC81-3. a) Collagen morphology and order following addition of peptoid solution. b–d) Time series showing amorphous calcium phosphate nucleation and crystallization on the collagen substrates shown in (a), during mineralization in calcium phosphate solution ([Ca2+] = 6.75 mM, [HPO42−] = 3.15 mM in tris buffer; σ=3.34) in the presence of peptoid CC81-3 at (b) 0, (c) 100 and (d) 500 nM. The images highlighted in dashed box (third row of b–d) were collected at the time points when the phase transformation began. (e): Incubation time for amorphous calcium phosphate nucleation (dark green) and phase transformation (light green) from the results shown in (b–d). The onset time of the phase transformation is marked with a dashed rhombus. All scale bars are 500nm. The vertical scales for all AFM images are in nm.