Figure 3.

Illustration of five situations producing a compound effect size E > 0 (A–E), and three producing E = 0 (F–H) (continued). In A through E, the area of the region highlighted with vertical lines is equal to E. Referring to formulas (11)–(13), plot (A) corresponds to the case a > 0, b^* > T_min and $\text{max }\{\text{log }(D_1^{\ast }),(T_{\text{min}}-b^{\ast })/a\}=(T_{\text{min}}-b^{\ast })/a$; in plot (B), a > 0, b^* > T_min, but $\text{max }\{\text{log }(D_1^{\ast }),(T_{\text{min}}-b^{\ast })/a\}=\text{log }(D_1^{\ast })$; (C) a = 0, yielding E > 0 because b^* > T_min; (D) a < 0, $a\text{ log }(D_1^{\ast })+b^{\ast }>T_{\text{min}}$ and min {(T_min − b^*)/a, 0} = 0; (E) a < 0, $a\text{ log }(D_1^{\ast })+b^{\ast }>T_{\text{min}}$ and min {(T_min − b^*)/ a, 0} = (T_min − b^*)/ a ; (F) a = 0, yielding E = 0 because b^* < T_min ; (G) a > 0, b^* < T_min; (H) a < 0 and $a\text{ log }(D_1^{\ast })+b^{\ast }<T_{\text{min}}$.