Table 1. Clinical and metabolomic parameters of patients according to 3 groups.
Mean (95% CI).
| G1 BMI<25 Mean (95% CI) number = 82 | G2 BMI>30; NAFLD (-) Mean (95% CI) number = 24 |
G3 BMI>30; NAFLD (+) Mean (95% CI) number = 31 |
p-value | FDR | Factor in SEM Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antropometric | |||||||
| Age | 28(26,29)b | 27(24,32)b | 36(33,39) a | <0.001 | NA | ||
| Gender (% Females) |
65 | 87 | 71 | 0.098 | NA | ||
| BMI | 22.2 (22,23)c | 32.9 (32,34)b | 36.2 (34,38)a | <0.001 | NA | Obesity | |
| Abdominal Circumference (cm) | 73.42(72,75)c | 85 (75,95)b | 102.48 (96,107)a | <0.001 | NA | Obesity | |
| %FAT | 29.7 (28,31)b | 40.88 (37,45)a | 41.63 (32,36)a | <0.001 | NA | Obesity | |
| Insulin Sensibility | |||||||
| Basal Glucose (mg/dl) | 86 (85,88)b | 88 (86,90)a,b | 91 (89,93)a | 0.003 | 0.009 | ||
| Glucose 30 min (mg/dl) | 123 (118,128)b | 126 (113,140)a,b | 142 (134,150)a | 0.004 | 0.01 | ||
| Glucose 60 min (mg/dl) | 109 (102,116)b | 118 (105,132)a,b | 135(123,147)a | 0.002 | 0.007 | ||
| Glucose 90 min (mg/dl) | 100 (96,106)b | 114 (103,126)a | 128 (120,136)a | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Glucose 120min (mg/dl) |
99 (94,103) | 104(101,108)a,b | 116 (110,126)a | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||
| Matsuda Index | 6.1 (5.4,6.9)a | 4.8 (4,6)a | 3.1 (2.4,3.9)b | <0.001 | <0.001 | Matsuda Index | |
| Lipids and Liver Enzymes | |||||||
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 170 (164,176)b | 173(161,186)b | 190 (178,202)a | 0.008 | 0.02 | ||
| Triglycerids (mg/dl) | 93 (85,101)b | 114 (98,132)b | 170 (141,206)a | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| HDL- Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 48 (46,51)a | 44 (39,50)a,b | 49 (36,42)b | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||
| LDL- Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 100 (95,105)b | 110 (102,120,)a,b | 119 (110,129)a | 0.001 | 0.003 | ||
| ALT (U/L) | 19 (17,20)c | 21 (16,26)b | 31 (26,37)a | <0.001 | <0.001 | Fatty Liver | |
| AST (U/L) | 21 (20,23) b | 22 (19,25)a,b | 26 (23.29)a | 0.005 | 0.014 | Fatty Liver | |
| Inflammatory markers | |||||||
| CRP(mg/dl) | 1.9 (1.7,2.2)b | 4.2 (3.1,5.7)a | 4.8 (3.9,5.9)a | <0.001 | <0.001 | CRP | |
| IL-6 (pg/dl) | 1.15 (0.96,1.37) | 0.66 (0.33,1.3) | 0.85 (0.68,1.02) | 0.056 | 0.488 | INFL | |
| TNFα (pg/dl) | 1.14 (0.9,1.43) | 75 (0.41,1.3) | 0.9 (0.72,1.3) | 0.234 | 0.52 | INFL | |
| Amino acids | |||||||
| Arginine (μM) | 36.3 (33,40)b | 42.3(37,48.3)a,b | 45.2(39.2,52.1)a | 0.027 | 0.064 | AA1 | |
| Citruline (μM) | 9 (8.5, 9.5) | 9.5 (8.5,10.6) | 9.2(8.3,10.35) | 0.656 | 0.787 | AA2 | |
| Glycine (μM) | 101.8 (96.4,105.2) | 101.8 (92.5,112) | 99.6(92.4,107.3) | 0.926 | 0.936 | AA1 | |
| Alanine (μM) | 112 (106.9,117.6)b | 122.1(113.6,131.7)a,b | 128.3 (119.1,138.1)a | 0.006 | 0.016 | AA2 | |
| Leucine (μM) | 54.2 (50.6,57.9)b | 59.3 (54.4, 64.7)a,b | 63.6(57.9,69.9)a | 0.022 | 0.052 | AA1 | |
| Methionine (μM) | 4.5 (4.3,4.8) | 4.6(4.29,5.1) | 4.7 (4.3,5.12) | 0.737 | 0.804 | AA2 | |
| Phenylalanine (μM) | 20.9 (19.4, 22.4)b | 24.48 (19.4,22.4)a,b | 25 (22.7, 27.6)a | 0.005 | 0.014 | AA1 | |
| Tyrosine (μM) | 23.2 (22, 24.4)b | 26.4 (24,29)a | 28 (26.6,31.2)a | <0.001 | <0.001 | AA2 | |
| Valine (μM) | 56.6 (53.8,59.5)b | 63.035 (12.9)a,b | 67.69 (16.2)a | 0.004 | 0.011 | AA1 | |
| Ornitine (μM) | 7.9 (7.4,8.6)b | 10.15 (8.7,11.8)a | 10.23(9.1,11.4)a | <0.001 | 0.001 | AA2 | |
| Proline (μM) | 61.2(57.1,65.7)a | 64.6(56.8,73.6)a,b | 74.5(67.19,82.79)a | 0.012 | 0.031 | AA2 | |
| Acylcarnitines | |||||||
| C0 (μM) | 12.4 (11.7,13.2)b | 13.9 (12.8,15.3)a | 13.8(12.6,15.2)a | 0.044 | 0.09 | AC3 | |
| C2 (μM) | 0.12 (0.11,0.13) | 0.13(0.10,0.15) | 0.13 (0.10,0.16) | 0.794 | 0.875 | AC1 | |
| C3 (μM) | 0.029 (0.026,0.031) | 0.033(0.028,0.04) | 0.034(0.029,0.040) | 0.075 | 0.37 | AC1 | |
| C4 (μM) | 0.035 (0.033,0.036) | 0.034(0.030,0.039) | 0.035(0.032,0.039) | 0.922 | 0.922 | AC1 | |
| C5 (μM) | 0.030 (0.027,0.032) | 0.035(0.031,0.039) | 0.035(0.028,0.039) | 0.078 | 0.39 | AC2 | |
| C6 (μM) | 0.016 (0.0148,0.173) | 0.017(0.015,0.02) | 0.017(0.015,0.02) | 0.243 | 0.36 | AC2 | |
| C8 (μM) | 0.036(0.033, 0.04) | 0.039(0.034,0.04) | 0.036(0.03,0.04) | 0.745 | 0.745 | AC2 | |
| C10 (μM) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.07) | 0.069(0.06, 0.07) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | 0.11 | 0.22 | AC2 | |
| C10:1 (μM) | 0.105 (0.10,0.11) | 0.10 (0.0.11, 0.98) | 0.103 (0.09,0.11) | 0.571 | 0.6852 | AC2 | |
| C10:2 (μM) | 0.018 (0.0.017,0.019)b | 0.018(0.015,0.021)a,b | 0.021(0.019,0.023)a | 0.05 | 0.08 | AC2 | |
| C12 (μM) | 0.38 (0.036,0.041) | 0.037(0.034,0.042) | 0.036(0.032,0.040) | 0.353 | 0.45 | AC2 | |
| C12:1 (μM) | 0.049(0.047, 0.052) | 0.051(0.048,0.055) | 0.047(0.043,0.052) | 0.769 | 0.877 | AC2 | |
| C14(μM) | 0.014 (0.013,0.015) | 0.014 (0.012, 0.016) | 0.015(0.013, 0.017) | 0.887 | 0.877 | AC2 | |
| C14:1 (μM) | 0.037 (0.035,0.039) | 0.037(0.033,0.041) | 0.036(0.032,0.040) | 0.037 | 0.22 | AC2 | |
| C14:2 (μM) | 0.015 (0.014,0.016) | 0.015 (0.013,0.018) | 0.014(0.012,0.017) | 0.579 | 0.579 | AC2 | |
| C16 (μM) | 0.029 (0.028, 0.031) | 0.034(0.030, 0.038) | 0.031 (0.027, 0.034) | 0.859 | 0.859 | AC3 | |
| C16:1 (μM) | 0.009 (0.007, 0.011) | 0.008(0.004, 0.015) | 0.01 (0.009, 0.011) | 0.813 | 0.89 | AC3 | |
| C18:1OH (μM) | 0.0005(0.0002, 0.0012) | 0.0007 (0.0001,0.003) | 0.0008(0.0002, 0.002) | 0.83 | 0.859 | AC4 | |
| C18:2 (μM) | 0.015 (0.014, 0.016) | 0.018(0.016, 0.020) | 0.016(0.013, 0.018) | 0.12 | 0.24 | AC3 | |
| C18OH (μM) | 0.001 (0.0009,0.0004) | 0.0005(0.0001, 0.002) | 0.0001(0.00005, 0.0006) | 0.377 | 0.37 | AC4 | |
Contrast between groups by one-way ANOVA test. Fisher Post hoc test was done. Variable values were recovered using antilogarithms. FDR = False Discovery Rate. Only the acylcarnitines and amino acids used in SEM are showed in the table. Superscript letters show homogenous groups.