Left: Extraction of pat-AIF (b) from a manually selected ROI on the peak contrast frame of fully sampled in-vivo data set (a). The pop-AIF show in (b) was delay corrected. In under-sampling scenario, a time averaged image can be generated (c), and even at R=100x (d), it is straightforward to select an artery ROI from this image for the joint AIF and TK maps reconstruction. Right: Different AIFs can result in different TK maps (e, f, g, h), and pat-AIF is preferred for more accurate TK modeling.