Table 3.
Effect size information for the samples used in the meta-analysis
| Study | SES constructs | EF constructs | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of ES reported |
Pearson’s r (Average) |
N (Average) | SES measures | EF measures | Edu | Inc | Occ | SES | WM | AS | In | EF | Other | |
|
Bernier, A., Carlson, S., Deschênes, M., & Matte-Gagné, C. (2012). & Matte-Gange, C. & Bernier, A. (2011). |
1 | .38 | 57.5 | SES composite from: Maternal education, Paternal education, Family income |
Day/Night, Dimensional Change Card Sort, Bear/Dragon |
x | x | |||||||
|
Berry, D., Blair, C., Willoughby, M., Granger, D., & The Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2012). & Blair, C., et al. (2011). |
4 | .35 | 1121 | Income-to-needs, maternal education, caregiver education |
EF composite from: Item selection attention shifting, Spatial Conflict inhibitory control, span-like working memory task |
x | x | x | ||||||
|
Cameron, C. et al (2012). & McClelland et al. (2007). |
4 | .11 | 242.5 | Maternal education; Parental education |
Heads-Shoulders- Knees-Toes, Head- to-Toes Task |
x | x | |||||||
| De Jong, P. F. (1993) | 9 | .08 | 376 | Maternal education, paternal education, Paternal occupation |
Digit Span, Star Counting, Syllable Counting |
x | x | x | x | |||||
|
Deng, M. (2008). & Turner, K.A., (2010). |
9 | .16 | 138 | Maternal education, Income-to-needs ratio |
Flexible Item Selection Task, Day/Night, backwards Digit Span, |
x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Deprince, A.P., Winzierl, K.M., & Combs, M.D. (2009). | 1 | .20 | 110 | Hollingshead occupational prestige, Parental education, parental occupation |
WISC arithmetic, letter-number sequencing, & digit span, symbol search, Gordon Diagnostic System, Stroop task |
x | x | |||||||
|
Dilworth-Bart, J.E , Khurshid, A., Lowe Vandell, D., (2007). & Jacobson, L., (2008) & NICHD Early Child Care Research Network (2005). |
9 | .19 | 857 | Family income, maternal education, income-to-needs, income category |
Continuous Performance Test, Day/Night, WJ-R Memory for Sentences, Tower of Hanoi, Delay of gratification |
x | x | x | x | |||||
| Dilworth-Bart, J.E., (2012). | 12 | .36 | 49 | Maternal education, Household income, SES |
Peg-tapping, Fish Flanker, Stanford- Binet verbal & non-verbal working memory |
x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| Doan, S.N. & Evans, G.W. (2011). | 1 | .14 | 214 | Poverty | Working memory (spatial task) |
x | x | |||||||
| Fernald, L. et al. (2011). | 4 | .18 | 1064 | Maternal education, paternal education |
Working Memory, Leiter-Revised Attention Sustained Task |
x | x | x | ||||||
| Hackman, D.A. (2012). Chapter 2. | 7 | .14 | 314 | Parental education |
Corsi Block Tapping, Digit Span Backwards, Spatial Working Memory, Object 2- back, Stop Signal Reaction Time, Stroop, Flanker |
x | x | x | ||||||
| Henning, A., Spinath, F.M., Aschersleben, G. (2010). | 2 | .17 | 175 | Maternal education, paternal education |
Dimensional Change Card Sort |
x | x | |||||||
| Ivrendi, A. (2011) | 3 | .47 | 70 | Maternal education, family income |
Head, Toes, Knees & Shoulders (HTKS) |
x | x | x | ||||||
| Kegel, C.A. & Bus, A.G. (2012). | 2 | .12 | 283 | Maternal education |
Stroop-like task (opposites), Stroop-like task (dogs), Digit span (words), WISC Backward Digit Span |
x | x | x | ||||||
| Knipe, H., (2009). | 3 | .06 | 125 | Parental education |
Backward Digit Span, Wisconsin Card sort, D-KEFS tower |
x | x | x | x | |||||
| Li-Grining, C. (2005) | 4 | .04 | 438 | Maternal education (less than HS vs. HS and above); Income-to-needs |
Shapes, Turtle/Rabbit |
x | x | x | x | |||||
|
Mezzacappa, E., Buckner, J.C., & Earls, F. (2011) & Mezzacappa, E. (2004). |
6 | .20 | 233 | SES | Flanker | x | x | |||||||
| Noble, K.G., McCandliss, B.D., & Farah, M.J. (2007). | 2 | .24 | 150 | SES composite | Spatial working memory task, Delayed nonmatch to sample, Go/no- go task, NEPSY auditory attention and response set |
x | x | x | ||||||
| Phillipson, S. (2009) | 1 | .21 | 215 | SES | Swanson Cognitive Processing Test |
x | x | |||||||
| Pinard, F. (2011). | 1 | −.04 | 102 | Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Status |
Day/night, Grass/snow, NEPSY-II Statue, NEPSY-II Auditory Attention |
x | x | |||||||
| Raver, C.C., McCoy, D.C., Lowenstein, A.L., & Pess, R. (2012). | 4 | .02 | 328 | Mother < HS education, Income-to-needs |
Balance Beam, Pencil Tap |
x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Rhoades, B., Greenberg, M., & Domitrovich, C. (2009). | 3 | −.02 | 131 | Primary caregiver education |
Leiter-Revised Attention Sustained subtest, Day/Night, Peg Tapping |
x | x | x | ||||||
| Rhoades, B., Warren, H. K., Domitrovich, C. E., & Greenberg M. T. (2011). | 2 | .11 | 288 | Maternal education, Family income |
Leiter-Revised Attention Sustained Task |
x | x | x | ||||||
|
Sarsour, K., Sheridan, M., Jutte, D., Nuru-Jeter, A., Hinshaw, S., & Boyce, W.T., (2011). & Sarsour, K. S. (2007). |
6 | .37 | 60 | Income-to-needs ratio, Hollingshead Index of Occupational Status, Family wealth, Maternal education |
WISC Digit Span, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test |
x | x | x | x | |||||
| Wiebe, S.A., Espy, K.A., Charak, D. (2008). | 10 | .14 | 198 | Maternal education |
Delayed Attention, DAS Digit Span, Six Boxes, Delayed Response, NEPSY Statue, Whisper, Child Continuous Performance Task, shape school, NEPSY Visual Attention, Tower of Hanoi |
x | x | x | ||||||
Note. Correlations and sample sizes were averaged across all effect sizes reported in each study.
Edu = education; Inc = income; Occ = Occupation; SES = composite SES measure; WM = working memory; AS = attention shifting; In = inhibition; EF = composite EF; Other = other EF (e.g., planning, sustained attention)