Table 1. Atrium-related ECG-derived predictors for new-onset AF.

PAC: premature atrial contraction. FU: follow-up. HR: hazard risk. mo: months. yrs: years. Ref. No.: reference number.

Author	Number of	FU	Annual	ECG finding	HR (95% CI, P-value)
(Rf. No.)	participants	time	incidence
P-wave duration
Perez [13]	42,751	5.3 yrs	0.45%	>120 ms	1.6 (1.3-1.8, P<0.0001)
				per 20 ms	1.1 4 (1.02-1.27, P=0.022)
Soliman[14]	15,429	6.97 yrs	0.11%	>120 ms	1.94 (1.66-2.28) Model 1
					1.79 (1.51-2.14) Model 2
				Upper 5%	5.23 (3.33-8.22) Model 1
					4.07 (2.55 - 6.51) Model 2
Magnani[15]	1,550	15.8 yrs	1.46%	Upper 5%	2.51 (1.13-5.57)
				per 1 SD	1.1 (0.90-1.47, P=0.27)
Nielsen[28]	285,933	6.7 yrs	0.49%	>89 ms	1.60 (1.41−1.81 P<0.001)
				100-105 ms	1.00
				112-119 ms	1.22
				120-129 ms	1.50
				≥130	2.06
P-wave dispersion
Perez [13]	-	-	-	>80 ms	1.95 (1.7-2.3, P<0.0001)
				SD of P duration >35	1.7 (1.3-2.1, P<0.0001)
P-morphology
Soliman[14]	-	-	-	95th% of PTFV1	1.23 (1.04-1.46)
Magnani[16]	-	-	-	PTFV1 >0.04 V•s	1.56 (1.24-2.00)
Enriquez[35]	122	30 mo	46.7%	P duration ≥120 ms	2.9 (1.02-8.6, P<0.04)
				Biphasic P in II,I II, aVF
Abn. P axis
Perez [13]	-	-	-	>95th%	1.21 (0.69-2.12, P<0.0001)
				>74° and <24°	1.52 (1.05-2.21, P>0.0001
PAC/runs
Watanabe [51]	63,368	10 yrs	0.14%	Standard ECG, ≥1/10 sec	2.89 (1.80-3.35)
Perez [13]	-	-	-	Presence	2.1 (1.6-2.7, P<0.0001)
Murakoshi [52]	63,197	14 yrs	0.105%	Presence	4.87 (6.61-6.57) for men
					3.87 (2.69-5.57) for women
Acharya[56]	1,357	7.5 yrs	11.4%	≥100/day	2.97 (1.85-4.80)
				couplets ≥50/day	3.11
				bigeminy	3.67
				3 PACs run ≥20 /day	2.94
				runs (≥10 beats/run)	1.73
PR interval
Perez [13]	-	-	-	>200 ms	1.3 (1.1-1.6, P=0.003)
Nielsen[69]	288,181	6.7 yrs	3.8%	≥196 ms men	1.30 (1.17-1.44)
				≥204 ms women	1.18 (1.06-1.530)
				<129 ms men	1.09 (0.92-1.29) ‡
				<121 ms women	1. 32 (1.12-1.56)
Alonso[25]	262,288	5 yrs	6.8%	per 30 ms	1.03 (0.85-1.26, <0.0001)
					to 1.22 (1.01-1.42, 0.027)
Macfarlane[68]	5,680	3.2 yrs	9.4%	per 30 ms	1.19 (1.09-1.30, P<0.0001)