Table 3.

Antioxidant activity (AOA) of cereal milling by-products

Cereal by-products	Antioxidant activity	Distilled water	Ethanol	Methanol	Acetone
Wheat by-products
Bran	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	39.3 ± 0.1b	49.0 ± 0.5a	50.9 ± 1.1a	37.5 ± 1.7b
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	32.4 ± 1.5c	39.3 ± 0.7a	40.6 ± 0.7a	23.3 ± 0.7d
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	21.5 ± 0.5d	31.3 ± 0.3b	36.1 ± 0.4a	25.9 ± 0.1c
Germ	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	43.9 ± 0.8c	55.4 ± 0.6b	69.2 ± 3.4a	40.6 ± 1.2c
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	88.3 ± 0.3a	53.1 ± 1.6b	88.5 ± 2.1a	43.6 ± 1.1c
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	28.8 ± 0.5d	39.2 ± 0.1a	37.8 ± 0.1b	29.7 ± 0.7c
Shorts	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	20.5 ± 0.7c	23.7 ± 0.6b	27.5 ± 1.7a	17.0 ± 0.6d
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	34.0 ± 1.3a	24.8 ± 1.4c	30.0 ± 1.9b	18.8 ± 0.5d
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	13.7 ± 0.1b	24.2 ± 0.4b	28.4 ± 0.3a	21.8 ± 0.3c
Rice by-products
Bran	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	63.7 ± 0.9a	59.0 ± 2.0b	65.1 ± 2.2a	47.3 ± 1.9c
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	70.6 ± 2.0a	43.6 ± 3.6b	74.3 ± 3.1a	35.4 ± 1.5c
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	20.6 ± 0.5d	38.6 ± 0.2b	40.3 ± 0.4a	35.0 ± 0.1c
Germ	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	43.9 ± 1.02c	47.5 ± 0.5b	48.7 ± 0.2a	33.6 ± 0.2d
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	69.0 ± 0.7a	35.2 ± 1.2c	55.7 ± 2.1b	32.6 ± 0.7d
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	19.1 ± 0.2d	38.8 ± 0.3a	36.1 ± 0.2b	34.0 ± 0.8c
Husk	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	50.2 ± 0.3b	50.4 ± 0.8b	54.5 ± 0.2a	34.3 ± 1.4c
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	55.4 ± 0.2b	43.5 ± 1.1c	62.6 ± 0.7a	29.7 ± 1.4d
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	23.5 ± 0.3c	37.8 ± 0.1b	39.0 ± 1.1a	33.7 ± 0.5d
Corn milling by-products
Bran	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	60.5 ± 2.2b	70.0 ± 0.9a	71.3 ± .7a	40.3 ± 1.4c
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	48.1 ± 2.1a	32.8 ± 1.8b	51.7 ± 2.7a	26.1 ± 0.7c
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	12.6 ± 0.3c	34.7 ± 0.2a	33.7 ± 0.3b	29.3 ± 0.2d
Germ	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	37.4 ± 1.0c	49.8 ± 0.8b	52.1 ± 0.4a	29.8 ± 0.8d
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	30.1 ± 0.8b,c	32.7 ± 2.0b	42.8 ± 1.8a	27.6 ± 0.6c
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	16.3 ± 0.1c	37.3 ± 0.1a	37.1 ± 0.2a	31.9 ± 2.0b
Germ Meal	AOA DPPH (% RSA)	41.2 ± 1.3c	53.2 ± 0.5b	59.1 ± 0.6a	31.8 ± 0.8d
	AOA ABTS (% RSA)	28.9 ± 1.3c	45.4 ± 1.8b	59.5 ± 2.0a	25.7 ± 0.8d
	FRAP (mmol L−1 ferrous sulfate/g sample)	15.2 ± 0.1d	37.1 ± 0.3b	38.2 ± 0.2a	32.6 ± 1.2c

AOA antioxidant activity, DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), FRAP ferric reducing antioxidant power, RSA radical scavenging activity

Means in the same row with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)