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. 2018 Feb 21;8:3433. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21623-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

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Energy barriers for skyrmion annihilation in a Pd/Fe/Ir(111) racetrack. Energy barrier for the skyrmion annihilation and nucleation (inset) in the interior (red curve, triangles) and at the boundary (purple curve, squares) of the Pd/Fe strip as a function of applied magnetic field strength, shown for the fcc (a) and hcp (b) stacking of the Pd layer. The curves intersect at the crossover field, B_c.