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. 2018 Feb 21;9:731. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03087-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Mesocortical and mesoaccumbens activation does not alter the static reward value of sucrose. a DREADD activation of either pathway did not affect the number of active lever presses under an FR10 schedule of reinforcement (two-way repeated ANOVA; effect of CNO, p = 0.0355; group×CNO effect, p = 0.5001; post-hoc test, CNO versus saline, all p > 0.1). A modest increase was observed in inactive lever presses after mesoaccumbens activation (two-way ANOVA; effect of CNO, p = 0.0096; group×CNO effect, p = 0.0207; post-hoc test, CNO versus saline, p = 0.9302 controls, p = 0.0017 mesoaccumbens group; p = 0.9957 mesocortical group); n = 9 for control, n = 8 for mesoaccumbens, n = 9 for mesocortical. b Both during a 10 min extinction session (left) and a reinforced lever pressing session (FR5, right), devaluation of the reinforcer by selective satiation for sucrose lead to a decrease in responding (2-way ANOVA, effect of prefeeding in all groups, p < 0.0001), without any CNO effects (non-reinforced mesoaccumbens, CNO effect p = 0.7745, prefeeding×CNO effect: p = 0.8448; non-reinforced, mesocortical, CNO effect p = 0.9516, prefeeding×CNO effect: p = 0.5318; reinforced mesoaccumbens, CNO effect p = 0.1472, prefeeding×CNO effect: p = 0.5287; reinforced mesocortical, CNO effect p = 0.4654, prefeeding×CNO effect: p = 0.8877); n = 12 mesoaccumbens, n = 11 mesocortical group. c Under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, mesoaccumbens activation increased the number of lever presses made (two-way ANOVA; effect of CNO, p = 0.0006; group×CNO effect, p = 0.0007; post-hoc test, p = 0.8998 controls; p < 0.0001 mesoaccumbens group; p = 0.9947 mesocortical group). A modest increase in inactive lever presses was observed after mesoaccumbens stimulation (two-way ANOVA; effect of CNO, p = 0.0204; group×CNO effect, p = 0.0680; post-hoc test, CNO versus saline, p = 0.9840 controls; p = 0.0082 mesoaccumbens group; p = 0.9392 mesocortical group); n = 9 controls, n = 8 mesoaccumbens group, n = 9 mesocortical group. Data shown as mean ± standard error of the mean; **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001