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. 2018 Feb 21;8:3397. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21760-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reciprocal measurements exhibiting spin-to-charge conversion. (a) Measurement geometry. (b) Electrochemical potentials of the channel. The red and blue arrows indicate the directions of electrochemical potentials aligned to the FMs. (c) Reciprocal signals for positive and negative bias currents. L = 5.9 μm and T = 1.8 K. (d) Reciprocal signals for L = 5.9 μm and L = 1620 μm. Note that the FMs utilized in c and d have different coercivities.