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. 2018 Feb 21;8:3377. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17540-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Lysosomal marker LAMP2 is increased and co-localizes with osteogenic markers in calcifying aortas. Rats were subcutaneously injected with 1.2 × 10⁵ IU/kg/day vitamin D₃ or vehicle for 3 days and euthanized 14 days later. (A) Histological staining with Von Kossa and VVG showing vitamin D₃-induced medial calcification. (B) Double immunofluorescent staining showing increased lysosomal marker LAMP2 fluorescence that largely overlaps with osteoblast markers RUNX2 and BMP2 in calcifying aortas. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Bar = 50 μm. L and M refer to lumen and media, respectively.