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. 2018 Feb 21;8:3420. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21571-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of NP-CaM interactions. Left side: when apo CaM is incubated with NPs, two different equilibria establish. PRE experiments suggest that the first contact between CaM and NP is mediated by the central linker (L) region. At this point, CaM can either return to the apo state (1) through a rapid dissociation by the NP surface, or be converted into a more stable NP-bound conformation (holo), via an interaction mostly involving the N-terminal domain (2), as suggested by CSP experiments. Right side: when an excess of EGTA (black blocks) is added, the chelator binds Ca²⁺ ions on the NP surface, thus restoring the apo-CaM conformation (3), as suggested by near- and farUV spectra (Fig. 1a). Blue thick lines represent the areas mostly involved in CaM/NPs interaction.