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. 2018 Feb 21;8:3440. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21501-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a–f) Morphology of ommastrephid squids. (a) Early paralarva (individual E100) showing an unsplit proboscis. (b) Todarodes sagittatus late paralarva (individual E5) with the proboscis beginning to split. (c) Adult Ommastrephes sp. individual E3 with the two raptorial tentacles. (d) SEM frontal photomicrograph of a Illex coindetii early paralarva obtained by in vitro fertilization (after Fernández-Álvarez et al.,¹⁵), showing the buccal papillae around the mouth. (e) Buccal area of a Todarodes sagittatus late paralarva (individual E7). (f) Buccal area of a T. sagittatus subadult. (g) Histogram representing the size classes used in this study, vertical axis represents the number of individuals, the horizontal axis represents the mantle length (mm); red bars represent early paralarvae, while yellow and violet bars represent late paralarvae, and subadults and adults, respectively.