Table 1.

Cardiac structural and functional parameters determined by in vivo echocardiography.

	C	CQ	HC	HCQ
Cardiac parameters
Ejection fraction (%)	75.2 ± 7.1	72.5 ± 6.3	69.1 ± 6.7	72.7 ± 7.3
Fractional shortening (%)	42.3 ± 3.5	45.7 ± 5.1	40.8 ± 2.3	41.5 ± 4.8
Heart rate, bpm	215 ± 7.1	221 ± 19	231 ± 23	218 ± 17
AWT, mm	1.6 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 0.4	2.1 ± 0.4
LVEDC, mm	5.2 ± 1.7	5.4 ± 1.5	4.9 ± 1.1	4.8 ± 0.5
LVESC, mm	2.3 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.6	2.2 ± 0.7
RVEDC, mm	1.9 ± 0.5	2.1 ± 0.7	2.2 ± 0.6	1.8 ± 0.4
RVESC, mm	2.7 ± 0.6	2.4 ± 0.5	3.0 ± 0.8	2.9 ± 0.4
Aortic
Vmax, m/s	2.1 ± 0.9	1.8 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 0.8
Vmean, m/s	1.1 ± 0.4	0.9 ± 0.5	0.9 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.4
Peak G max, mmHg	21.4 ± 6.2	18.3 ± 5.2	16.8 ± 4.1	19.5 ± 4.2
Peal G mean, mmHg	5.5 ± 1.7	4.3 ± 1.4	4.1 ± 0.9	5.2 ± 0.4
IVRT, ms	22.6 ± 1.5	25.1 ± 2.7	24.9 ± 3.9	26.7 ± 2.9

Values are mean ± SEM. AWT: aortic wall thickness; LVEDC: left ventricular end-diastolic cavity; LVESC: left ventricular end-systolic cavity; RVEDC: right ventricular end-diastolic cavity; RVESC: right ventricular end-systolic cavity; Vmax: maximal velocity; G: gradient; IVRT: isovolumetric relaxation time.