Figure 4.

PSD-A induces mitochondrial dysfunctions and ER stress in A549 cells. (a) Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of PSD-A for 24 h. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blot for the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Xiap, and survivin. GAPDH was used as loading control. (b) Cells were treated with PSD-A for 24 h in the presence or absence of BAPTA-AM (10 μM), and MMP was determined by staining the cells with JC-1 according to the product's instructions. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Columns not sharing the same superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05). (c, d) Cells were exposed to the indicated concentrations of PSD-A for 24 h. Total cell lysates were extracted, and expressions of p-eIF2α, eIF2α, CHOP, ATF4, GRP90, and GRP78 were measured by Western blot analyses. (e) Cells were treated with PSD-A for 24 h, and activity of caspase-4 was measured according to the kit's instructions. PSD-A increased the activity of caspase-4. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Columns not sharing the same superscript letters differ significantly (P < 0.05).