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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 22.
Published in final edited form as: Vaccine. 2013 Mar 21;31(19):2348–2357. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.011

Table 2.

Percentage of persons 18–49 years who reported receiving hepatitis A vaccination, United States, by travel status, demographic and access-to-care variables – NHIS 2010.

Characteristic Vaccination coverage with ≥1 dose among persons 18–49 years traveleda
%(95% CI)		 Vaccination coverage with ≥1 dose among persons 18–49 years not traveled
%(95% CI)		 P-valueb Vaccination coverage with ≥2 dose among persons 18–49 years traveleda
%(95% CI)		 Vaccination coverage with ≥2 dose among persons 18–49 years not traveled
%(95% CI)		 P-valueb
Total 26.6 (24.9–28.3) 12.7 (11.7–13.7) <0.001 16.9 (15.4–18.4)   7.6 (6.8–8.4) <0.001
Age
18–25 37.5 (33.3–41.9)c 20.5 (18.2–23.1)c <0.001 26.4 (22.5–30.8)c 12.5 (10.6–14.6)c <0.001
26–39 26.3 (24.3–28.3)c 12.2 (10.9–13.5)c <0.001 16.3 (14.6–18.1)c   7.4 (6.4–8.5)c <0.001
40–49d 20.0 (17.7–22.6)   7.1 (6.1–8.3) <0.001 11.9 (10.1–14.0)   4.2 (3.3–5.2) <0.001
Sex
Maled 26.5 (24.2–28.9) 11.4 (10.1–12.9) <0.001 16.7 (14.8–18.8)   6.8 (5.8–7.9) <0.001
Female 26.6 (24.3–29.2) 13.8 (12.6–15.1)c <0.001 17.0 (14.9–19.4)   8.3 (7.4–9.4)c <0.001
Race/ethnicity
Non-hispanic Whited 26.4 (24.1–28.9) 11.8 (10.5–13.1) <0.001 17.5 (15.5–19.7)   7.1 (6.2–8.2) <0.001
Non-hispanic Black 27.7 (23.2–32.7) 14.0 (12.3–15.9)c <0.001 16.4 (12.4–21.4)   8.6 (7.3–10.2) 0.001
Hispanic 22.5 (19.8–25.5)c 13.5 (11.5–15.8) <0.001 13.4 (11.1–16.0)c   8.1 (6.5–10.0) <0.001
Asian 33.2 (28.2–38.7)c 13.5 (9.8–18.4) <0.001 20.1 (15.9–25.0)   5.3 (3.1–9.0) <0.001
Other 42.9 (30.5–56.2)c 22.5 (15.7–31.2)c <0.001 25.6 (16.3–37.8) 13.6 (8.2–21.7) <0.001
Marital status
Married 23.7 (21.7–25.8)c 10.5 (9.2–11.9)c <0.001 14.3 (12.7–16.0)c   5.9 (4.9–7.0)c <0.001
Widowed/divorced/separated 19.9 (16.0–24.4) 10.9 (9.2–12.8)c 0.001 12.9 (9.4–17.4)   7.4 (6.0–9.1) 0.010
Never marriedd 32.5 (29.7–35.4) 15.3 (13.8–17.0) <0.001 22.0 (19.3–24.9)   9.4 (8.3–10.7) <0.001
Education
High school or lessd 19.3 (16.5–22.5)   9.9 (8.8–11.3) <0.001 10.6 (8.5–13.1)   5.5 (4.6–6.6) <0.001
Above high school 29.1 (27.1–31.1)c 15.0 (13.6–16.5)c <0.001 19.0 (17.3–21.0)c   9.4 (8.3–10.5)c <0.001
Employment status
Employedd 25.4 (23.6–27.3) 11.7 (10.6–12.8) <0.001 16.1 (14.5–17.7)   6.9 (6.1–7.9) <0.001
Not employed 30.6 (27.4–34.0)c 15.0 (13.3–16.9)c <0.001 19.7 (16.8–22.9)c   9.2 (7.9–10.6)c <0.001
Poverty level
At or above poverty 26.2 (24.5–28.1) 12.2 (11.1–13.4) <0.001 16.5 (15.0–18.2)   7.5 (6.7–8.5) <0.001
Below povertyd 29.1 (24.5–34.2) 13.5 (11.7–15.5) <0.001 20.2 (15.8–25.4)   7.9 (6.5–9.4) <0.001
Region
Northeastd 24.8 (20.6–29.4)   9.6 (7.5–12.2) <0.001 15.7 (12.2–19.9)   5.3 (3.8–7.4) <0.001
Midwest 25.2 (22.4–28.2) 10.2 (8.5–12.2) <0.001 17.4 (14.7–20.5)   5.8 (4.5–7.4) <0.001
South 25.5 (22.6–28.5) 13.2 (11.5–15.0)c <0.001 16.0 (13.5–18.9)   8.6 (7.3–10.1)c <0.001
West 29.7 (26.4–33.2) 17.2 (15.0–19.7)c <0.001 18.1 (15.4–21.2)   9.7 (8.1–11.6)c <0.001
US born
Yes 27.2 (25.2–29.4) 12.6 (11.5–13.7) <0.001 17.9 (16.1–19.8)c   7.7 (6.9–8.6) <0.001
Nod 25.0 (22.4–27.8) 13.3 (11.3–15.7) <0.001 14.3 (12.1–16.7)   6.6 (5.1–8.5) <0.001
Physician contacts within past year
Noned 21.2 (18.5–24.2) 10.1 (8.7–11.8) <0.001 12.8 (10.6–15.3)   5.8 (4.8–7.1) <0.001
1 25.2 (22.0–28.7) 11.6 (9.7–13.8) <0.001 17.4 (14.4–21.0)c   6.7 (5.3–8.3) <0.001
2–3 28.3 (25.4–31.4)c 13.6 (11.8–15.6)c <0.001 17.3 (14.8–20.1)c   8.4 (6.8–10.2)c <0.001
4–9 28.2 (24.8–31.8)c 15.5 (13.4–17.9)c <0.001 17.0 (14.4–20.0)c   8.9 (7.2–10.8)c <0.001
≥10 32.4 (27.8–37.5)c 14.4 (11.8–17.4)c <0.001 22.9 (18.9–27.5)c   9.9 (7.7–12.6)c <0.001
Hospitalization within past year
Yes 28.3 (22.9–34.5) 11.9 (9.5–14.7) <0.001 17.9 (12.9–24.4)   7.7 (5.7–10.3) 0.002
Nod 26.4 (24.7–28.2) 12.7 (11.7–13.8) <0.001 16.8 (15.3–18.4)   7.6 (6.8–8.4) <0.001
Place of routine health care
Clinic or health center 29.2 (25.8–32.9)c 14.1 (12.1–16.2)c <0.001 19.6 (16.5–23.2)c   8.3 (6.7–10.1)c <0.001
Doctor’s office or HMOe 26.5 (24.4–28.7) 13.0 (11.7–14.4)c <0.001 16.4 (14.6–18.3)   7.9 (6.9–9.0)c <0.001
Some other place 35.1 (26.7–44.5)c 16.8 (12.8–21.7)c <0.001 21.7 (15.4–29.7) 11.1 (8.1–15.0)c 0.009
Noned 21.6 (18.3–25.3)   9.5 (7.8–11.4) <0.001 14.3 (11.4–17.8)   5.5 (4.4–7.0) <0.001
Health insurance
Yes 27.7 (25.7–29.7)c 13.0 (11.9–14.1) <0.001 17.5 (15.9–19.2)   8.0 (7.1–8.9) <0.001
Nod 22.1 (18.9–25.5) 11.9 (10.4–13.5) <0.001 14.3 (11.6–17.6)   6.7 (5.5–8.0) <0.001
High-risk behavior with HepB indicationf
Yes 33.6 (27.5–40.3)c 19.4 (16.0–23.3)c <0.001 23.9 (18.5–30.2)c 10.4 (7.8–13.7)c <0.001
Nod 26.0 (24.3–27.8) 12.1 (11.1–13.2) <0.001 16.3 (14.9–17.9)   7.4 (6.7–8.2) <0.001
Ever lived with a hepatitis patients
Yes 24.9 (18.5–32.5) 23.3 (17.5–30.3)c 0.759 16.0 (10.7–23.2) 13.1 (8.9–18.8)c 0.746
Nod 26.5 (24.8–28.2) 12.1 (11.1–13.1) <0.001 16.8 (15.3–18.5)   7.3 (6.6–8.1) <0.001
Persons with chronic liver diseases
Yes 54.0 (36.6–70.5)c 17.3 (8.7–31.5) <0.001 39.2 (23.9–56.9)c 11.4 (4.3–26.7) 0.007
Nod 26.4 (24.7–28.1) 12.6 (11.7–13.7) <0.001 16.7 (15.3–18.3)   7.6 (6.8–8.4) <0.001
Influenza vaccination
Yes 32.2 (28.3–36.4)c 17.3 (14.6–20.4)c <0.001 22.1 (18.4–26.2)c 12.2 (9.9–15.0)c <0.001
Nod 24.7 (22.5–26.9) 10.7 (9.5–12.1) <0.001 14.4 (12.6–16.3)   6.0 (5.1–7.1) <0.001
Ever received hepatitis B vaccination
Yes 49.3 (46.6–52.0)c 31.4 (29.1–33.9)c <0.001 33.7 (31.0–36.5)c 20.2 (18.2–22.3)c <0.001
Nod   7.2 (6.0–8.6)   2.7 (2.2–3.3) <0.001   4.2 (3.3–5.4)   1.4 (1.0–1.9) <0.001
a

Persons from developed countries who travel to developing countries (most of developing countries with high or intermediate HAV endemicity) are at substantial risk for acquiring hepatitis A. Persons traveled outside the United States to countries other than Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada were considered having traveled to countries with high or intermediate HAV endemicity.

b

P < 0.05 for comparisons between travelers and non travelers within each level of each characteristic.

c

P < 0.05 for comparisons within each variable with the indicated reference level.

d

Reference level.

e

Health maintenance organization.

f

Includes persons who considered themselves at high risk for HIV infection, persons who reported having a sexually transmitted disease other than HIV/AIDS during the previous 5 years, and persons who reported any one of the following risk factors: hemophilia with receipt of clotting factor concentrates, men who have sex with men, injecting street drugs, trading sex for money or drugs, testing positive for HIV, or having sex with someone with any of these risk factors.