Table 1.

Participant characteristics

Variables	Summer (n = 20)	Winter (n = 20)	P value
Age, years	21.0 ± 1.2	20.6 ± 0.9	0.19
Female, %	40	40	–
Height, cm	165.7 ± 9.1	166.0 ± 6.6	0.90
Body weight, kg	68.3 ± 14.6	64.9 ± 13.3	0.45
BMI, kg/m2	24.7 ± 4.0	23.4 ± 3.6	0.28
Body fat, %	26.0 ± 8.5	23.7 ± 6.0	0.33
Fat mass, kg	17.6 ± 9.2	14.2 ± 5.0	0.16
Lean body mass, kg	47.6 ± 7.8	47.2 ± 9.5	0.89
Bone mass, kg	2.9 ± 0.4	2.8 ± 0.5	0.38
SBP, mmHg	118.6 ± 17.6	120.1 ± 10.5	0.74
DBP, mmHg	64.4 ± 14.4	66.4 ± 7.8	0.60
Heart rate, bpm	71.2 ± 12.9	65.1 ± 8.8	0.09
Steps, per day	7060.6 ± 2478.8	7690.1 ± 2027.8	0.39
Energy expenditure, kcal/day	218.5 ± 93.2	193.0 ± 64.2	0.32
Energy intake, kcal/day	1997 ± 718	1787 ± 682	0.35
Protein intake, g/day	63.4 ± 22.7	63.5 ± 25.2	0.99
Fat intake, g/day	58.0 ± 22.5	57.4 ± 19.9	0.93
Carbohydrate intake, g/day	293.7 ± 110.3	239.9 ± 101.6	0.12

Data are reported as means ± standard deviations

BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure