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. 2018 Feb 21;16:22. doi: 10.1186/s12915-018-0493-8

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© Greaves et al. 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2. — Natural history of cancer. Left: Breast cancer cell (National Cancer Institute [83])

Middle: Stereoscan image showing neovascularisation around an in situ carcinoma (angiogenesis). Photo provided by Professor M A Konerding. Right: PET scan showing cancer disseminated throughout the body (dark patches). Image originally published in JNM [84] and reproduced with permission: Even-Sapir E, Metser U, Mishani E, Gennady Lievshitz G, Lerman H, Leibovitch I. The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F–fluoride PET, and 18F–fluoride PET/CT. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:287–97. © by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc. Most of this evolutionary process is clinically silent or covert