Table 10.
Detailed results of the multilevel models of GP co-location (mono-professional – model 1, multi-professional - model 2, interaction between mono and multi-professional – model 3, details of multi-professional – model 4) and patient experience
| Multilevel models (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001) |
Accessibility a, b | Continuity of carea, b | Comprehensiveness of care a, b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N. = 60,309 | N. = 60,069 | N. = 59,851 | |||||
| Empty model | Fixed part | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. |
| Intercept | 85.141*** | 1.019 | 90.439*** | 1.723 | 68.934*** | 1.694 | |
| Random part | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | |
| Country level | 35.020 | 8.586 | 100.427 | 24.559 | 96.802 | 23.721 | |
| GP level | 46.587 | 0.804 | 72.022 | 1.438 | 114.199 | 1.965 | |
| Patient level | 3.376 | 0.021 | 103.538 | 0.635 | 5.642 | 0.035 | |
| ICC | |||||||
| Country | 41.2% | 36.4% | 44.7% | ||||
| GP | 54.8% | 26.1% | 52.7% | ||||
| N. = 56,217 | N. = 56,049 | N. = 55,879 | |||||
| Model only covariates | Fixed part | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. |
| Intercept | 82.920*** | 1.011 | 77.096*** | 1.599 | 65.754*** | 1.690 | |
| Random part | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | |
| Country level | 32.441 | 7.970 | 79.997 | 19.598 | 91.415 | 22.433 | |
| GP level | 44.812 | 0.788 | 62.665 | 1.295 | 112.172 | 1.968 | |
| Patient level | 3.286 | 0.021 | 95.480 | 0.607 | 5.605 | 0.036 | |
| ICC | |||||||
| Country | 40.3% | 33.6% | 43.7% | ||||
| GP | 55.6% | 26.3% | 53.6% | ||||
| N. = 53,951 | N. = 53,787 | N. = 53,619 | |||||
| MODEL 1 (variable 1) | Fixed part | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. |
| Intercept | 83.261*** | 1.037 | 77.016*** | 1.636 | 65.399*** | 1.698 | |
| GP co-located with other GP | −0.251 | 0.212 | −0.385 | 0.276 | −0.070 | 0.341 | |
| Random part | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | |
| Country level | 32.718 | 8.158 | 80.441 | 20.008 | 87.367 | 21.790 | |
| GP level | 44.408 | 0.798 | 64.169 | 1.353 | 114.536 | 2.052 | |
| Patient level | 3.232 | 0.021 | 97.611 | 0.634 | 5.724 | 0.037 | |
| ICC | |||||||
| Country | 40.7% | 33.2% | 42.1% | ||||
| GP | 55.3% | 26.5% | 55.2% | ||||
| N. = 56,165 | N. = 55,998 | N. = 55,827 | |||||
| MODEL 2 (variable 2) | Fixed part | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. |
| Intercept | 83.379*** | 1.027 | 77. 974*** | 1.620 | 66.293*** | 1.746 | |
| GP co-located with other professional | −0.593 | 0.278 | −1.101** | 0.357 | −0.713 | 0.440 | |
| Random part | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | |
| Country level | 32.004 | 7.867 | 79.720 | 19.531 | 90.662 | 22.556 | |
| GP level | 44.898 | 0.787 | 62.542 | 1.293 | 112.126 | 1.968 | |
| Patient level | 3.286 | 0.021 | 95.379 | 0.607 | 5.607 | 0.036 | |
| ICC | |||||||
| Country | 40.0% | 33.5% | 43.5% | ||||
| GP | 55.9% | 26.3% | 53.8% | ||||
| N. = 53,951 | N. = 53,787 | N. = 53,619 | |||||
| MODEL 3 (interaction) | Fixed part | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. |
| Intercept | 83.727*** | 1.057 | 77.935*** | 1.663 | 66.345*** | 1.724 | |
| Single-handed GP practice (ref) | |||||||
| - More GPs without other professionals | −0.359 | 0.366 | −0.656 | 0.476 | −0.825 | 0.587 | |
| - One GP with other professionals | − 0.688 | 0.354 | −1.352** | 0.460 | −1.439* | 0.567 | |
| - More GPs with other professionals | −0.804* | 0.340 | −1.433** | 0.443 | −1.047 | 0.545 | |
| Random part | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | |
| Country level | 32.312 | 8.061 | 80.276 | 19.940 | 86.434 | 21.970 | |
| GP level | 44.180 | 0.797 | 64.054 | 1.351 | 114.423 | 2.050 | |
| Patient level | 3.232 | 0.021 | 97.611 | 0.634 | 5.724 | 0.037 | |
| ICC | |||||||
| Country | 40.4% | 33.2% | 41.8% | ||||
| GP | 55.5% | 26.5% | 55.4% | ||||
| N. = 55,251 | N. = 55,086 | N. = 54,916 | |||||
| MODEL 4 (var 2 details) | Fixed part | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. | Coeff. | S.E. |
| Intercept | 83.452*** | 1.027 | 78.161*** | 1.680 | 66.322*** | 1.731 | |
| GP with nurse | −0.563 | 0.289 | −1.386*** | 0.370 | −0.860 | 0.456 | |
| GP with other health professional | −0.025 | 0.227 | 0.286 | 0.290 | −0.067 | 0.358 | |
| GP with social worker | −0.818** | 0.304 | −0.273 | 0.388 | 0.475 | 0.480 | |
| Random part | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | Var. | S.E. | |
| Country level | 31.915 | 7.825 | 86.316 | 21.155 | 92.273 | 22.657 | |
| GP level | 44.895 | 0.797 | 61.916 | 1.292 | 112.850 | 1.980 | |
| Patient level | 3.290 | 0.021 | 95.114 | 0.610 | 5.611 | 0.036 | |
| ICC | |||||||
| Country | 39.8% | 35.5% | 44.0% | ||||
| GP | 56.0% | 25.4% | 53.3% | ||||
aCovariates patient level: sex, age, education, household income, ethnicity, self-reported health status, main reason for visit, personal GP, chronic conditions
bCovariates GP level: sex, age, urbanisation, involvement in disease management, evening open time for GP practice, urbanisation