Table 7.
Data on health systems characteristics of the 34 countries involved in the study
| Countries | Median number of extra professions in GP practice (apart from GPs) [22] | Model of healthcare systema | Role of GP as gatekeepera | Overall Primary Care system strength [30–33] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 1 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | No | Weak |
| Belgium | 0 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | No | Strong |
| Bulgaria | 1 | Mixed model: tax-funded and social health insurance | Yes | Weak |
| Cyprus | 6 | Mixed model: tax-funded and private insurance | No, but planned | Weak |
| Czech Republic | 1 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | Yes, partially | Medium |
| Denmark | 2 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Strong |
| Estonia | 2 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | Yes, partially | Strong |
| Finland | 7 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes, partially | Strong |
| Germany | 1 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | No | Medium |
| Greece | 2 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | No | Weak |
| Hungary | 1 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | Yes, partially | Weak |
| Iceland | 5 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes, partially | Weak |
| Ireland | 3 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Weak |
| Italy | 1 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Medium |
| Latvia | 2 | Tax-funded, but with high out-of-pocket payments | Yes | Medium |
| Lithuania | 8 | Transitional with National health insurance | Yes | Strong |
| Luxembourg | 1 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | No | Weak |
| Malta | 3 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Weak |
| Netherlands | 3 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | Yes | Strong |
| Norway | 1 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Medium |
| Poland | 4 | Transitional with National health insurance | Yes | Medium |
| Portugal | 3 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Strong |
| Romania | 1 | Transitional with Social health insurance | Yes | Medium |
| Slovakia | 1 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | Yes, partially | Weak |
| Slovenia | 4 | Transitional with Social health insurance | Yes | Strong |
| Spain | 6 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Strong |
| Sweden | 5 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes, partially | Medium |
| Switzerland | 1 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | No, but planned | Medium |
| Turkey | 2 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | No | Weak |
| UK (England) | 5 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Strong |
| Australia | 4 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Strong |
| Canada | 3 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Strong |
| New Zealand | 4 | Tax-funded (Beveridge) | Yes | Strong |
| FYR Macedonia | 1 | Social health insurance (Bismarck) | Yes | Medium |
aThe information were extracted from the last published countries reports “Health Systems in Transition” of European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies