Table 2.
Total urinary anthocyanin subgroups
| Total anthocyanin | Major aglycone conjugates | Glycoside anthocyanin | Native anthocyanin | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| 100% | 65% | 2% | 0.2% | ||
|
| |||||
| Group | week | log10 ng/mg creatinine
|
|||
| FO | 0 | 2.614 (411) |
2.427 (267) |
1.058 (11.43) |
−0.4059 (0.390) |
| FO | 12 | 2.671 (469) |
2.464 (291) |
0.8184 (6.58) |
−0.1569 (0.70) |
| BB | 0 | 2.729 (535)1 |
2.548 (353) |
0.9856 (9.67) |
−0.03587 (0.920) |
| BB | 12 | 2.671 (468) |
2.491 (310) |
0.9729 (9.40) |
0.1383 (1.37) |
| BB + FO | 0 | 2.605 (403) |
2.408 (265) |
0.8719 (7.45) |
−0.01097 (0.980) |
| BB + FO | 12 | 2.598 (396) |
2.463 (290) |
0.973 (9.40) |
0.2699 (1.86) |
| PL | 0 | 2.756 (570) |
2.571 (372) |
1.228 (16.90) |
−0.6388 (0.230) |
| PL | 12 | 2.534 (342) |
2.315 (207) |
0.709 (5.12) |
−0.3386 (0.460) |
|
| |||||
| grand mean, log10 | 2.647 | 2.461 | 0.9521 | −0.1423 | |
| SEM | 0.05906 | 0.06287 | 0.1083 | 0.159 | |
| Time effect probability | ns | ns | 0.035 | 0.030 | |
Note. Values = log10 transformed mean, ng/mg creatinine. Values in parentheses = mean ng/mg, back-transformed from log10. FO = fish oil group. BB = blueberry group. PL = placebo group. Urine collected after overnight fast and before morning supplement dose at enrollment and after 12 weeks’ daily supplementation. Total anthocyanins = all anthocyanin compounds including native and metabolite forms. Native (food form) anthocyanins are unmetabolized forms present in blueberries.