Table 2.
Description of questionnaire items/constructs.
| Knowledge about organ donation | Number of items | Descriptions |
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| What does organ/tissue/blood donation mean to you? | 1 | Transfer of tissues or organ from a dead body to a patient; transfer of tissues or organ from a dead body to a patient in need; transfer of tissues/blood/organs from a living to a patient in need; all the above (coded: 1, 2, 3, 4). |
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| What organs/tissues can be donated? | 12 | Kidney; heart; liver; lungs; pancreas; intestine; blood; cornea of the eyes; skin; bone marrow; bone; all the above (coded: yes = 1/no = 0). |
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| There is a donor registry in Qatar where people register during their life to donate organs after death | 1 | Have you heard about it (coded: yes = 1/no = 0). |
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| At what age can an individual register for organ donation? | 3 | At any age; 18 years and above; do not know (coded: correct = 1/incorrect = 0). |
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| Death could mean | 1 | The heart is not beating and there is no breathing; brain death in which the heart is beating with the help of ventilator to keep breathing; I do not know; other (coded: correct = 1/incorrect = 0). |
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| Does your religion allow organ donation? | 1 | Religion allow: (coded: yes = 1/no = 0/do not know = 0). |
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| Do you know anyone who has donated an organ? | 1 | Family member; friend; colleague; no one; other (coded: yes = 1/no = 0). |
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| Do you know that during life an individual can donate a part of his liver to his relative? | 1 | Can donate part of liver (coded: yes = 1/no = 0). |
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| Do you know that donating a part of your liver is a risk to your health? | 1 | Donating part of liver is a risk (coded: yes = 2/no = 0/may be = 1/do not know = 0). |
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| Do you know that you can donate one of your two kidneys during your life, to another person? | 1 | Can donate one kidney during your life (coded: yes = 1/no = 0). |
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| Do you know that donating a kidney is safe? | 1 | Donating kidney is safe (coded: yes = 2/no = 0/may be = 1/do not know = 0). |
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| Do you know the Qatar organ donation law and policy | 6 | Prohibits any buying or selling of organs; provides access to transplant facility for all nationalities equally; gives donated organs from deceased donors to the first person on the waiting list regardless of nationality; puts no pressure on the deceased donor family or living donor to donate; all live donors in Qatar are provided with health insurance for life; all families of the deceased in Qatar will receive social support if they need it (coded: yes = 1/no = 0). |
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| Attitudes | Number of items | Descriptions |
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| Organ donation is a good thing and should be promoted | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Registering as organ donor could save somebody's life | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Qatari as well as non-Qatari residents should be automatically included on the organ donor register of Qatar, with the ability to refuse if they wish | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| I am willing to register as an organ donor, if my family would have no objection to allowing donation of my organs at the time of my death | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| If I knew more about what is organ transplant and how it is done | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| If more information was available about the viewpoint of my religion with regard to organ donation | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| If I knew where I could register | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Behavioral beliefs | Number of items | Descriptions |
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| I think my donation whether living or after death is going to impact my life after death in a good way | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Organ donation is an act which will be rewarded by God | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| In case of an emergency, doctors will not provide enough care if the patient is registered organ donor | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Organ retrieval process after death may cause body disfigurement | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Organ donation will increase if social support is provided to family of the deceased regardless of whether they donate or not | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Normative beliefs/subjective norms | Number of items | Descriptions |
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| To register as an organ donation, you will take the opinion | 6 | Family member; my community; religious leader; friend; other (yes/no). |
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| Control beliefs/perceived behavioral control | Number of items | Descriptions |
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| You do not find many opportunities to register as organ donor in Qatar | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Organ donor registration is time consuming process (asked only if registered in Qatar) | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| While registering for organ donation, you may not get answer for all your questions | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| You are not healthy to donate | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Your age is not fit for donating your organ donation | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Operation procedure for procuring organs is discouraging | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Live donation | Number of items | Descriptions |
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| You are worried that organ donation might leave you weak and disabled | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| I do not trust the health care system in Qatar and it is better to go abroad for organ donation and organ transplantation | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Donation after death | Number of items | Descriptions |
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| Emotions of your family members while organs are being taken make you feel concerned | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
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| Intentions to Organ donation | Number of items | Descriptions |
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| Are you willing to register as an organ/tissue donor | 1 | Willingness (yes/no). |
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| Which organ/tissue will you prefer to donate? | 1 | Kidney; blood; heart; eyes; liver; skin; lungs; bone marrow; all the above (yes/no). |
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| Do you have religious leader who you trust? | 1 | Religious leader (yes/no). |
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| Would you consider organ donation after discussion with a religious leader? | 1 | Discussion with religious leader (yes/no). |
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| Would you consider donating organ more seriously if you are approached by an organization you could trust | 1 | Agreement with (coded: strongly agree = +2 to strongly disagree = −2). |
Note. (1) Questionnaire also includes questions on demographic variables, age, known language, gender, resident permit, nationality, occupation income, religion, total number of dependent family members, level of education, and duration of living in Qatar; (2) some items codes were reverted for factor analysis (PCA).