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Effects of curcumin, GG6, GG9, and CLI-095 on IL-1β release from LPS-stimulated human macrophages. After differentiation, macrophages were pretreated with curcumin, GG6, GG9, and CLI-095 as indicated for 30 min followed by stimulation with 1 μg/ml LPS for 24 h in FBS-free RPMI. Supernatants were collected and analyzed for IL-1β release by ELISA. Bar graph represents the mean (±SEM) of 3 independent experiments. # p < 0.05 versus LPS.
