Table 6.
Commercial cartilage tissue engineering products and biomaterials [69].
| Product | Regulatory status | Description | Use | Source | Cell | Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synvisc, Genzyme | 1997 | HA (Hylan GF-20 and Hylan B) | Synovial fluid replacement | Animal derived Resorbable | Gel | |
| CaReS, Arthro Kinetics | 2007 Germany | Rat-tail type I collagen matrix | Articular cartilage injury | Animal derived Resorbable | Autologous chondrocytes | 3D disc |
| Bioseed-C, Biotissue Technologies | Clinic trial 2001 | PLA/PGA and PDS scaffold | Articular cartilage injury | Synthetic Resorbable | Autologous chondrocytes | 3D disc |
| Menaflex, Regenbiologics | 2008 | Bovine type I collagen with HA and GAG, hydrated | Meniscus cartilage injury | Animal derived Resorbable | Mesh | |
| Hyalograft C autograft, Fidia advanced biopolymers | 2008 EU | HYAFF (esterified derivative of HA) scaffold | Articular cartilage injury | Resorbable Plant or bacteria derived | Autologous chondrocytes | 3D disc |
| MACI, Vericel Corporation | Clinic trial 2016 FDA | porcine-derived collagen membrane | Articular cartilage injury | Human derived Resorbable | Autologous chondrocytes | Sheet |
HA = hyaluronic acid; PLA = polylactic acid; PGA = polyglycolic acid; GAG = glycosaminoglycan; PDS = polydioxane; 3D = three-dimensional; EU = European Union; FDA = US Food and Drug Administration.