(A) Assessment of Fusobacterium persistence in PDX COCA36 over a period of 204 days. Fusobacterium persistence was determined via microbial culture and Fusobacterium-targeted qPCR. F0 denotes the first implantation of the tumor into mice; F1 to F8 represent sequential xenograft passages after F0. (B) Species-level microbial composition of three patient primary colon adenocarcinomas (COCA36, COCA39, and COCA6) and subsequent PDXs. Total RNA sequencing was carried out, followed by PathSeq analysis for microbial identification. For simplicity, selected species with >1% relative abundance in the primary tumor and either corresponding PDX are shown. The colors correspond to bacterial taxonomic class. Red, Fusobacteriia; pink, Negativicutes; blue/green, Bacteroidia; orange, Clostridia.