Table 6. Sensitivity analysis of univariable and multivariable logistic regression model 1 for acquired resistance to anti-TB drugs in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, 2000–2015*.
| Characteristic | No acquired drug resistance, no. (%) | Acquired drug resistance, no. (%) | Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | aOR (95% CI) | p value | |||||
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 0–14 | 1,392 (2.1) | 1 (0.9) | 1.0 (NA) | NA | 1.0 (NA) | NA | ||
| 15–44 | 44,263 (65.5) | 75 (69.4) | 2.4 (0.3–17.0) | 0.4 | 2.4 (0.3–17.4) | 0.4 | ||
| 45–64 | 12,871 (19.0) | 28 (25.9) | 3.0 (0.4–22.3) | 0.3 | 3.0 (0.4–23.2) | 0.3 | ||
|
>65 |
9,072 (13.4) |
4 (3.7) |
0.6 (0.1–5.5) |
0.7 |
|
0.9 (0.1–7.8) |
0.9 |
|
| Sex | ||||||||
| F | 28,476 (42.2) | 41 (38.0) | 1.0 (NA) | NA | 1.0 (NA) | NA | ||
| M |
39,012 (57.8) |
67 (62.0) |
1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
0.4 |
|
1.4 (0.9–2.1) |
0.2 |
|
| Site of disease | ||||||||
| Extrapulmonary only | 24,233 (35.9) | 11 (10.2) | 1.0 (NA) | NA | 1.0 (NA) | NA | ||
| Pulmonary with or without
extrapulmonary |
43,347 (64.1) |
97 (89.8) |
4.9 (2.6–9.2) |
<0.001 |
|
3.0 (1.6–5.7) |
0.001 |
|
| Initial drug resistance | ||||||||
| Drug sensitive | 62,740 (92.8) | 55 (50.9) | 1.0 (NA) | NA | 1.0 (NA) | NA | ||
| Isoniazid resistance without MDR | 3,839 (5.7) | 25 (23.2) | 7.4 (4.6–11.9) | <0.001 | 6.5 (3.7–11.2) | <0.001 | ||
| Rifampin resistance without MDR | 200 (0.3) | 3 (2.8) | 17.1 (5.3–55.1) | <0.001 | 15.2 (4.6–50.2) | <0.001 | ||
| MDR |
823 (1.2) |
25 (23.2) |
34.7 (21.5–55.9) |
<0.001 |
|
32.7 (18.9–56.8) |
<0.001 |
|
| Country of birth | ||||||||
| United Kingdom | 16,189 (26.3) | 33 (33.0) | NA | NA | 1.0 (NA) | NA | ||
| China | 467 (0.8) | 4 (4.0) | 4.2 (1.5–11.9) | 0.01 | 2.5 (0.8–7.7) | 0.1 | ||
| India | 11,232 (18.2) | 6 (6.0) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.003 | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.004 | ||
| Lithuania | 243 (0.4) | 4 (4.0) | 8.1 (2.8–23.0) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.2–2.8) | 0.7 | ||
| Pakistan | 7,702 (12.5) | 9 (9.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.1 | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.5 | ||
| Somalia | 4,190 (6.8) | 3 (3.0) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.1 | 0.4 (0.1–1.3) | 0.1 | ||
| South Africa | 759 (1.2) | 5 (5.0) | 3.2 (1.3–8.3) | 0.02 | 3.3 (1.2–8.8) | 0.02 | ||
| Nigeria | 1,326 (2.2) | 2 (2.0) | 0.7 (0.2–3.1) | 0.7 | 0.3 (0.04–2.1) | 0.2 | ||
| Other |
19,43 (31.6) |
34 (34.0 |
0.9 (0.5–1.4) |
0.5 |
|
0.7 (0.4–1.2) |
0.2 |
|
| Previous TB episode | ||||||||
| No | 54,379 (93.3) | 76 (79.2) | 1.0 (NA) | NA | 1.0 (NA) | NA | ||
| Yes | 3,922 (6.7) | 20 (20.8) | 3.6 (2.2–6.0) | <0.001 | 2.2 (1.3–3.8) | 0.01 | ||
*aOR, adjusted OR; MDR, multidrug-resistant; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; TB, tuberculosis.