Table 1. Study sample characteristics.
| Cases (N = 146) |
Psychiatric Controls (N = 104) |
Univariate Test of Association | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years): mean (SD) | 45.18 (14.69) | 45.01 (14.23) | t = -0.09 |
| df = 248 | |||
| p = 0.928 | |||
| Sex: n (% female) | 146 (55.48) | 104 (50.00) | χ2 = 0.73 |
| df = 1 | |||
| p = 0.392 | |||
| Education n (%) | |||
| Elementary | 8 (5.56) | 8 (8.0) | χ2 = 3.57 |
| High-School | 78 (54.17) | 42 (42.00) | df = 2 |
| Post-Secondary | 58 (40.28) | 50 (50.00) | p = 0.167 |
| Employment Status n (%) | |||
| Employed | 34 (23.45) | 33 (32.67) | χ2 = 2.56 |
| df = 1 | |||
| p = 0.110 | |||
| If Not Employed Then: | |||
| Unemployed | 29 (26.61) | 21 (32.31) | χ2 = 4.17 |
| Retired | 17 (15.60) | 7 (10.77) | df = 3 |
| On Disability | 56 (51.38) | 28 (43.08) | p = 0.244 |
| On Social Security | 7 (6.42) | 9 (13.85) | |
| Marital Status n (%) | |||
| Currently Married/Common Law/Live with Partner | 39 (26.90) | 31 (30.10) | χ2 = 5.38 |
| Never Married | 45 (31.03) | 43 (41.75) | df = 2 |
| Widowed/Separated/Divorced | 61 (42.07) | 29 (28.16) | p = 0.068 |
| Living Status n (%) | |||
| Lives Alone | 64 (46.38) | 47 (46.08) | χ2 = 0.0021 |
| Doesn’t Live Alone | 74 (53.62) | 55 (53.92) | df = 1 |
| p = 0.963 | |||
| Smoking Status n (%) | |||
| Current Smoker | 59 (43.38) | 35 (35.35) | χ2 = 1.72 |
| Former Smoker | 34 (25.00) | 26 (26.26) | df = 2 |
| Never Smoked | 43 (31.62) | 38 (38.38) | p = 0.423 |
| Personality Measures | |||
| Borderline Symptom List Score: mean (SD) | 1.82 (1.03) | 1.32 (0.97) | t = -3.68 |
| df = 203 | |||
| p = 0.0003 | |||
| Barratt Impulsivity Scale Score: mean (SD) | 71.40 (12.03) | 65.20 (10.23) | t = -4.14 |
| df = 213 | |||
| p = 0.0001 | |||
SD: standard deviation