Table 1. Comparison of clinical and laboratory features in febrile children and adults with and without acute dengue, southern Sri Lanka, 2012–2013.
| Adults | Children | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Characteristics | Acute dengue N = 305 |
No dengue N = 340 |
p-value | Acute dengue N = 83 |
No dengue N = 209 |
p-value |
| Age, yrs | 34(25–45) | 37(28–52) | < .001 | 11 (7–16) | 5 (3–9) | < .001 |
| Male | 199 (65.3%) | 227 (66.8%) | 0.68 | 51 (61.5%) | 129 (61.7%) | 0.97 |
| Symptom | ||||||
| Days of fever | 4 (3–6) | 5 (3–7) | 0.10 | 5 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) | 0.41 |
| Headache | 251 (82.6%) | 271 (79.9%) | 0.40 | 59 (74.7%) | 101 (50.3%) | < .001 |
| Rhinitis/congestion | 30 (9.8%) | 51 (15.0%) | 0.05 | 19 (22.9%) | 104 (50.0%) | < .001 |
| Sore throat | 51 (16.7%) | 72 (21.2%) | 0.15 | 20 (24.7%) | 27 (13.4%) | 0.02 |
| Cough | 108 (35.9%) | 164 (49.6%) | < .001 | 31 (37.4%) | 135 (64.9%) | < .001 |
| Joint pain | 226 (74.6%) | 198 (58.8%) | < .001 | 41 (51.9%) | 48 (24.4%) | < .001 |
| Muscle pain | 216 (71.1%) | 212 (62.9%) | 0.03 | 43 (54.4%) | 52 (26.5%) | < .001 |
| Anorexia | 281 (92.4%) | 294 (86.5%) | 0.01 | 72 (86.8%) | 152 (72.7%) | 0.01 |
| Abdominal pain | 74 (24.3%) | 69 (20.3%) | 0.22 | 35 (43.2%) | 49 (23.7%) | 0.001 |
| Vomiting | 153 (52.2%) | 133 (39.6%) | 0.002 | 50 (61.7%) | 104 (50.2%) | 0.08 |
| Diarrhea | 40 (13.2%) | 48 (14.2%) | 0.72 | 3 (3.7%) | 29 (13.9%) | 0.01 |
| Dysuria | 31 (10.2%) | 38 (11.2%) | 0.38 | 9 (10.8%) | 7 (3.4%) | 0.02 |
| Oliguria | 39 (12.8%) | 43 (12.7%) | 0.52 | 12 (14.5%) | 13 (6.2%) | 0.02 |
| Fatigue | 236 (78.2%) | 252 (74.8%) | 0.32 | 71 (88.8%) | 123 (60.6%) | < .001 |
| Signs | ||||||
| Temperature (C) | 100 (99–101) | 99 (98–101) | < .001 | 100 (99–101) | 99 (98–100) | < .001 |
| Heart rate / min | 80 (72–92) | 82 (76–96) | 0.06 | 100 (84–104) | 100 (88–110) | 0.06 |
| Systolic BP | 110 (110–120) | 110 (110–120) | 0.03 | 100 (90–110) | 100 (90–110) | 0.09 |
| Diastolic BP | 70 (70–80) | 70 (70–80) | 0.07 | 70 (60–70) | 60 (60–70) | 0.06 |
| Conjunctival injection | 52 (17.1%) | 68 (20.1%) | 0.36 | 7 (8.4%) | 8 (3.8%) | 0.14 |
| Pharyngeal erythema/exudate | 27 (8.9%) | 21 (6.2%) | 0.23 | 5 (6.0%) | 12 (5.7%) | 1.00 |
| Lymnphadenopathy | 29 (9.8%) | 38 (11.3%) | 0.61 | 18 (21.7%) | 43 (20.7%) | 0.87 |
| Jaundice | 3 (1.0%) | 10 (3.0%) | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Lung crackles | 10 (3.3%) | 48 (14.1%) | <0.001 | 3 (3.6%) | 38 (18.2%) | 0.001 |
| Right upper abdominal tenderness | 45 (14.9%) | 23 (6.8%) | 0.001 | 14 (17.3%) | 7 (3.4%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatomegaly | 23 (7.6%) | 24 (7.1%) | 0.88 | 6 (7.3%) | 15 (7.2%) | 1.00 |
| Rash | 56 (18.4%) | 39 (11.5%) | 0.02 | 20 (24.1%) | 19 (9.1%) | 0.002 |
| Flushing | 36 (11.8%) | 11 (3.2%) | < .001 | 15 (18.1%) | 5 (2.4%) | < .001 |
| Laboratory parameter | Median IQR | |||||
| WBC per μL* | 3.4 (2.5–5.3) | 7.0 (4.7–10.6) | < .001 | 3.4 (2.3–7.2) | 7.7 (6.1–11.2) | < .001 |
| Leukopenia* | 189 (62.4%) | 55 (16.5%) | < .001 | 42 (54.6%) | 15 (9.0%) | < .001 |
| ANC# per μL | 2.2 (1.4–3.9) | 5.0 (2.8–8.1) | < .001 | 1.7 (1.1–4.8) | 4.9 (3.6–7.1) | < .001 |
| ALC^ per μL | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | < .001 | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 2.0 (1.3–3.1) | < .001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.5 (12.4–14.6) | 13.5 (12.1–14.7) | 0.56 | 12.9 (12.2–13.5) | 12.0 (11.1–12.9) | 0.002 |
| Hematocrit | 40.3 (37.0–43.7) | 40.1 (36.4–43.3) | 0.57 | 38.7 (36.6–40.6) | 36.0 (34.0–39.0) | < .001 |
| Platelets x1000/ μL)* |
109 (64–157) | 174 (120–236) | < .001 | 120 (72–218) | 238 (181–298) | < .001 |
| Thrombocytopenia* | 136 (44.9%) | 56 (16.8%) | < .001 | 30 (39.0%) | 7 (4.2%) | < .001 |
| Elevated transaminases+ | 54 (17.7%) | 34 (10.0%) | 0.004 | 12 (14.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | < .001 |
| Antibiotics at enrollment | 126 (41.3%) | 216 (63.5%) | < .001 | 96 (45.9%) | 28 (33.7%) | 0.06 |
Median (range) for continuous variables or number (percentage) for categorical variables are listed in the table.
* Within 48 hrs of admission.
#Absolute neutrophil count.
^Absolute lymphocyte count.
+ within 7 days. Leukopenia: <4 x 103 cells/μL. Thrombocytopenia: <100 x 103/μL. Transaminases: AST or ALT > 120 IU, 3 times upper limit of normal).