Figure 1.

Mechanisms of OxPAPC-induced EC barrier protection. OxPAPC induces the activation of multiple signaling pathways that leads to the activation of Rap1 and Rac. The cytoskeletal remodeling facilitated by the cortical actin formation and assembly of tight junctions and adherens junctions proteins enhances lung endothelial barrier. In addition, EP4 receptor and lipoxin A4 also mediate the barrier protective effects of OxPAPC against LPS/TNFα-induced inflammation and lung injury in vitro and in vivo.