Fig. 1.

Schematic representation of a typical iBCI calibration protocol in humans vs. the rapid calibration sequence. Each black arrow represents a step where a technician currently intervenes. Hexagonal and rounded steps refer to offline and online steps, respectively. The BCI user does not actively participate in offline steps. Red, yellow and green steps refer to the setup, calibration, and use of the BCI system, respectively. Top. Typical use of an intracortical BCI system has several steps. First, the user is connected to the computer and the software is initialized. The user then performs open-loop imagery; decoders are seeded using this initial data; and then closed-loop calibration proceeds, and may be repeated several times depending on the protocol being used. Bottom. No explicit open-loop imagery step is required, and the decoder calibration steps occur without the need for technician oversight or intervention.