Fig. 2.

IL-1β release at different levels at different stages of VSMC culture.

A. ELISA measurement of IL-1β release from early passage (3–5), mid-passage (6–13) or senescent VSMCs (14–18) with or without CaP particles (12.5 μg/mL) incubated over 16 h. Data are displayed on a log-scale and mean levels for each treatment are indicated. Data were log transformed prior to statistical analysis. A two-way ANOVA followed by a Holm-Sidak's multiple comparisons test was used to compare groups. Significant differences are indicated by * (P < 0.01) or ** (P < 0.001). 4 different VSMC isolates were used for each cell culture stage. B. β-galactosidase staining of proliferating (mid-passage) or senescent VSMCs, showing higher expression in senescent cells. C. Western analysis of pro-IL-1β levels in proliferating or senescent VSMC lysates treated with CaP particles (12.5 μg/mL) for indicated times. Blots showing results from 3 different cell isolates are shown in the Supplement Fig. S2C and S2D.