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. 2018 Feb 22;8:3490. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21799-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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DPP4 mRNA and protein expression in the dorsal horn of control, carrageenan treated and neuropathic rats. DPP4 mRNA expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord assessed by qPCR (a) and in situ hybridization (b) did not show significant difference among the three experimental groups (mean ± SEM, n = 6–9, one-way ANOVA, P = 0.30 and P = 0.21 for qPCR and ISH, respectively). In Western-blot experiments goat DPP4 antibody labelled lane at 110 kDa in spinal dorsal horn lysates taken from naive, inflamed and neuropathic animals (c). The full gel is shown in Supplementary Figure S1. Significantly increased DPP4 protein levels were detected in carrageenan-induced inflammation measured both by Western-blotting (d) and quantitative immunohistochemistry (e). (Values are given as mean ± SEM, n = 7–10, one-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidac post hoc test: P = 0.023 for Western blot experiments and one-way ANOVA with Student-Neuman-Keuls post hoc test: P = 0.016 for densitometry).