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. 2018 Feb 22;9:762. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02728-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Time scales of critical and subcritical exfoliation fracture propagation. a Sheet deformation (EX1) correlates with maximum daily temperature with shaded quantiles indicating that all fracturing events (vertical dashed lines) occurred within 10-day time periods containing the hottest 10% of all days during the past 110 years. Initial fracture in 2014 occurred within 24 h of temperatures reaching the 99th percentile of hottest days on record. b Following cyclic diurnal fracture growth (CM1 and CM2), one exfoliation sheet collapsed (brackets) in 2014. Control signal (CMC) indicates small overall error (1 mm) compared to the sheet signals. c Total acoustic emission hits (n = 48.7 × 10⁶) from six sensors (Fig. 1c) over 6 months (October 2014–March 2015) indicate subcritical cracking was ongoing following the 2014 events; sharp increase in 3-h hit running average (red line) peaks with maximum temperatures (orange line)